Table 2.

Results from the 7 articles included in the systematic review

Study	No. of Athletes	Age Range, y	Mean Age, y	Level of Play	Position	ROM Studied	Target Muscles for Strength and ROM
Hibberd et al 5	35	18-26	N/A	Collegiate	Position players	Upper extremity	Shoulder complex
Hill et al 6	179	18-26	N/A	Collegiate	Pitchers	Upper extremity	Shoulder complex
Oliver 10	N/A	N/A	N/A	All levels	Pitchers	Lower extremity	Gluteal muscles, core, and postural muscles
Oliver et al 11	17	11-21	N/A	All levels	Pitchers	Upper extremity	Entire arm segment
Oliver and McKeon 12	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Pitchers	N/A	Gluteal muscles and lumbopelvic-hip complex
Oliver and Plummer 13	10	14-21	17.6	Youth recreation	Pitchers	Lower extremity	Gluteal muscles, lumbopelvic-hip complex
Oliver et al 14	23	9-12	11.4	Youth recreation	Pitchers	Lower extremity	Lumbopelvic-hip complex and trunk

N/A, not available; ROM, range of motion.