Table 3.

Softball-specific exercise information for injury prevention and rehabilitation

Study	Specific Exercise Program	Exercises	Training Focus
Hibberd et al 5	No	N/A	Using specific injury mechanisms to guide injury prevention programs, specifically in the shoulder complex
Hill et al 6	No	N/A	• Position specific • Muscle groups that will prevent muscular imbalance such as the rotator cuff
Oliver 10	Yes	• Front-plank isometric exercises with contralateral leg and arm extension • “Bird-dog” exercise—coactivation of hip extensors, longissimus muscles, scapular stabilizers, and shoulder flexors • Side-lying resisted hip abduction	• Entire kinetic chain of the windmill pitching motion • Pitching specific • Dynamic strengthening
Oliver et al 11	No	N/A	• Entire kinetic chain of throwing motion, specifically the forearm, shoulder, and wrist • Begin with strengthening the trunk and move outward
Oliver and McKeon 12	No	Gluteal extension with core stabilization	• Entire kinetic chain of the throwing motion, specifically on pelvic and scapular stability • Start with strengthening the lumbopelvic complex, specifically the abdominal muscles, holding the pelvis in the neutral position • After the core is engaged, work on gluteal muscle strengthening, prioritizing dynamic gluteal extension
Oliver and Plummer 13	No	N/A	Strength and functionality of the lumbopelvic hip complex
Oliver et al 14	No	N/A	Overhead movements while stabilizing the lumbopelvic complex

N/A, not available.