Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with ACO by race and ethnicity.
| NHW | AA | Asian | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 407) | (n = 91) | (n = 373) | ||
| Age, years | 64.0 ± 8.1 | 58.6 ± 8.0 | 68.2 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Sex, male | 265 (65.1) | 50 (55.0) | 368 (98.7) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | |||
| Current smoker | 131 (32.2) | 62 (68.1) | 122 (32.8) | |
| Ex-smoker | 276 (67.8) | 29 (31.9) | 250 (67.2) | |
| Smoking, pack-years | 50.4 ± 26.5 | 41.6 ± 22.4 | 46.5 ± 25.0 | 0.005 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 5.5 | 28.8 ± 6.5 | 23.1 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Education (above high school) | 167 (41.0) | 13 (14.3) | 63 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Cough>3 months (n = 383) | 176 (84.6) | 32 (68.1) | 46 (35.9) | <0.001 |
| Phlegm>3 months (n = 378) | 151 (83.4) | 31 (72.1) | 71 (46.4) | <0.001 |
| mMRC | 1.49 ± 1.38 | 1.77 ± 1.49 | 1.34 ± 0.93 | 0.007 |
| CAT score | 14.4 ± 8.2 | 16.6 ± 9.3 | 14.5 ± 8.0 | 0.066 |
| SGRQ score | ||||
| Symptoms | 38.1 ± 24.8 | 39.4 ± 26.0 | 42.7 ± 22.1 | 0.023 |
| Impacts | 21.3 ± 19.6 | 24.7 ± 23.7 | 25.1 ± 24.0 | 0.046 |
| Activity | 42.1 ± 27.9 | 46.5 ± 30.8 | 43.4 ± 28.9 | 0.422 |
| Total | 30.3 ± 21.2 | 33.7 ± 24.5 | 33.4 ± 22.1 | 0.108 |
| Blood eosinophil count | 405.5 ± 205.9 | 360.9 ± 162.0 | 526.5 ± 374.4 | <0.001 |
| Past exacerbation | 145 (35.6) | 31 (34.1) | 85 (22.8) | 0.001 |
| Past severe exacerbation | 55 (13.5) | 23 (25.3) | 39/362 (10.8) | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities (n = 869) | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Hypertension | 187 (46.0) | 47 (51.7) | 150 (40.4) | 0.118 |
| Congestive heart failure | 16 (3.9) | 3 (3.3) | 12 (3.3) | 0.863 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 71 (17.4) | 8 (8.8) | 14 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 19 (4.7) | 1 (1.1) | 7 (1.9) | 0.060 |
| Dyslipidemia | 201 (49.4) | 33 (36.3) | 51 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 52 (12.8) | 14 (15.4) | 59 (15.9) | 0.444 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (TIA, stroke) (n = 602) | 16 (3.9) | 3 (3.3) | 3 (2.9) | 0.862 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 141 (34.6) | 18 (19.8) | 50 (13.5) | <0.001 |
| Past history of asthma (n = 814) | 100 (27.9) | 37 (43.0) | 145 (39.2) | 0.001 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD or number (%).
AA, African American; ACO, asthma–COPD overlap; BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD assessment test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale; NHW, non-Hispanic white; SGRQ, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire; TIA, transient ischemic attack.