Table 3.
Risk for exacerbation during 1-year follow-up in patients with ACO according to race and ethnicity.
| Case/n | Frequency (mean ± SD) | Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
| Moderate to severe AE | |||||
| Total | 196/506 | 0.86 ± 1.60 | 1.35 (1.19–1.53)** | 1.28 (1.14–1.45)** | 1.28 (1.14–1.45)** |
| NHW | 53/188 | 0.56 ± 0.81 | 1.21 (1.04–1.41)* | 1.21 (1.04–1.41)* | 1.17 (1.01–1.36)* |
| AA | 9/41 | 0.43 ± 0.68 | 1.03 (0.70–1.52) | 1.05 (0.72–1.54) | 1.05 (0.72–1.53) |
| Asian | 134/280 | 1.43 ± 2.35 | 1.36 (1.06–1.74)* | 1.36 (1.08–1.71)* | 1.37 (1.09–1.71)* |
| Severe AE | |||||
| Total | 51/465 | 0.18 ± 0.36 | 1.32 (1.10–1.59)* | 1.27 (1.05–1.53)* | 1.26 (1.04–1.52)* |
| NHW | 13/166 | 0.21 ± 0.38 | 1.39 (1.07–1.82)* | 1.35 (1.03–1.77)* | 1.31 (1.00–1.72)* |
| AA | 5/37 | 0.27 ± 0.38 | 0.82 (0.50–1.38) | 0.86 (0.52–1.45) | 0.86 (0.52–1.44) |
| Asian | 36/280 | 0.27 ± 1.02 | 1.51 (0.96–2.36) | 1.22 (0.79–1.88) | 1.28 (0.83–1.98) |
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.001.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, smoking pack-years, BMI, mMRC, total CAT score, post-bronchodilator FEV1 (%predicted) at enrollment.
Model 2 was further adjusted for past exacerbation in the previous year (yes vs. no) in addition to Model 1.
IRR was calculated with reference to non-ACO.
AA, African American; ACO, asthma–COPD overlap; AE, acute exacerbation; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in1 s; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; IRR, incident rate ratio; NHW, non-Hispanic white; OR, odds ratio; PY, pack-years; SD, standard deviation.