TABLE 1.
Characteristics of study participants by quartiles of dietary magnesium intake in the 2007–2008 and 2009–2010 NHANES
| Characteristics | Full sample, N = 9,519 | Quartile 1, N = 2,385 | Quartile 2, N = 2,381 | Quartile 3, N = 2,382 | Quartile 4, N = 2,371 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magnesium intake range (mg) | 12.00–1358.00 | ≤ 199.50 | 199.50–264.00 | 264.00–349.50 | ≥349.50 | |
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 49.60 ± 17.55 | 50.72 ± 18.75 | 50.45 ± 18.02 | 49.61 ± 17.11 | 47.58 ± 16.04 | <.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Men | 4,814 (50.57) | 812 (34.05) | 1,028 (43.18) | 1,314 (55.16) | 1,660 (70.01) | |
| Women | 4,705 (49.43) | 1573 (65.95) | 1,353 (56.82) | 1,068 (44.84) | 711 (29.99) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 4,630 (48.64) | 1,023 (42.89) | 1,112 (46.70) | 1,218 (51.13) | 1,277 (53.86) | |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 1789 (18.89) | 643 (26.96) | 477 (20.03) | 375 (15.74) | 303 (12.78) | |
| Other | 3,091 (32.47) | 719 (30.15) | 792 (33.26) | 789 (33.12) | 791 (33.36) | |
| Levels of education, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| ≤high school | 5,014 (52.73) | 1549 (65.17) | 1,311 (55.06) | 1,132 (47.56) | 1,022 (43.10) | |
| >high school | 4,495 (47.27) | 828 (34.83) | 1,070 (44.94) | 1,248 (52.44) | 1,349 (56.90) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Vigorous physical activity | 1866 (19.60) | 266 (11.15) | 390 (16.38) | 502 (21.07) | 708 (29.87) | |
| No vigorous activity | 7,652 (80.40) | 2,119 (88.85) | 1991 (83.62) | 1,880 (78.93) | 1662 (70.13) | |
| Drinking status, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| No | 2,598 (27.31) | 884 (37.10) | 712 (29.92) | 576 (24.20) | 426 (17.97) | |
| Yes | 6,916 (72.69) | 1,499 (62.90) | 1668 (70.08) | 1804 (75.80) | 1945 (82.03) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Never smoked | 5,010 (52.64) | 1,214 (50.90) | 1,296 (54.45) | 1,277 (53.61) | 1,223 (51.60) | |
| Current smoker | 2,151 (22.60) | 662 (27.76) | 505 (21.22) | 470 (19.73) | 514 (21.69) | |
| Former smoker | 2,356 (24.76) | 509 (21.34) | 579 (24.33) | 635 (26.66) | 633 (26.71) | |
| Body mass index, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Under/normal weight | 2,678 (28.36) | 642 (27.24) | 621 (26.29) | 691 (29.19) | 724 (30.73) | |
| Overweight | 3,221 (34.11) | 746 (31.65) | 798 (33.78) | 822 (34.73) | 855 (36.29) | |
| Obese | 3,543 (37.52) | 969 (41.11) | 943 (39.92) | 854 (36.08) | 777 (32.98) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| No | 8,068 (84.76) | 1922 (80.59) | 2007 (84.29) | 2030 (85.22) | 2,109 (88.95) | |
| Yes | 1,451 (15.24) | 463 (19.41) | 374 (15.71) | 352 (14.78) | 262 (11.05) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| No | 4,456 (46.81) | 1,020 (42.77) | 1,061 (44.56) | 1,113 (46.73) | 1,262 (53.23) | |
| Yes | 5,063 (53.19) | 1,365 (57.23) | 1,320 (55.44) | 1,269 (53.27) | 1,109 (46.77) | |
| Depression, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| No | 8,585 (90.55) | 2038 (85.99) | 2,146 (90.43) | 2,194 (92.46) | 2,207 (93.32) | |
| Yes | 896 (9.45) | 332 (14.01) | 227 (9.57) | 179 (7.54) | 158 (6.68) | |
| Daily dietary intake (mean ± SD) | ||||||
| Total fiber (g) | 16.24 ± 8.76 | 8.62 ± 3.47 | 13.26 ± 4.09 | 17.61 ± 5.40 | 25.52 ± 9.72 | <.001 |
| Total fat (g) | 75.71 ± 40.11 | 49.44 ± 22.05 | 65.84 ± 26.68 | 80.25 ± 31.22 | 107.50 ± 49.53 | <.001 |
| Total plain water (g) | 899.59 ± 915.86 | 623.28 ± 685.01 | 875.69 ± 868.27 | 939.31 ± 895.67 | 1,161.62 ± 1,098.01 | <.001 |
| Total energy (kcal) | 2040.85 ± 883.18 | 1,343.51 ± 466.50 | 1773.12 ± 505.53 | 2,168.22 ± 597.07 | 2,883.20 ± 1,005.62 | <.001 |
| Constipation defined by stool consistency | <.001 | |||||
| No | 8,816 (92.61) | 2,139 (89.69) | 2,189 (91.94) | 2,230 (93.62) | 2,258 (95.23) | |
| Yes | 703 (7.39) | 246 (10.31) | 192 (8.06) | 152 (6.38) | 113 (4.77) | |
| Constipation defined by stool frequency | <.001 | |||||
| No | 9,211 (96.76) | 2,253 (94.47) | 2,304 (96.77) | 2,314 (97.15) | 2,340 (98.69) | |
| Yes | 308 (3.24) | 132 (5.53) | 77 (3.23) | 68 (2.85) | 31 (1.31) | |