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. 2021 Nov 22;9:745897. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745897

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Pathogenic mechanisms of anti-nAChR antibody (Ab). (I) Blocking abs interfere with ACh binding site interrupting neuromuscular transmission. (II) Modulating Abs that bind to two nAChRs causing receptor endocytosis leading to AChR degradation and reduction of expression. (III) Binding Abs that complex with a distinct location on the nAChR, triggering the activation of the complement cascade and subsequent formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Scheme adopted from Conti-Fine (Conti-Fine et al., 2006). The alpha (α) refers to the alpha subunit(s) on the nAChR.