Table 1.

Anthropometric measures and definitions (Waitzman et al., 1992), with numbers referring to Fig. 1. R = right side; L = left side.

Landmark	Anthropometric measure	Description
0–1	Lateral orbital distance	Distance between the mid-lateral points of the lateral orbital walls.
2–3	Anterior inter-orbital distance	Distance between the anterior points of the medial orbital walls, measured from 2 points that are on the same axial level as points 0–1.
4–5	Inter-temporal distance	Distance between the most concave point on each temporalis groove. The points are on the same axial level as points 0–3.
6–7	Inter-zygomatic buttress distance	Distance between the most anterolateral corners of each zygomatic buttress.
6–8 (R) 7–9 (L)	Zygomatic arch length R/L	Distance between the most anterolateral corner of the zygomatic buttress and the insertion of the zygomatic arch into the squamous part of the temporal bone of the skull, placed on the most inferior point.
10–11	Inter-zygomatic arch distance	Distance between the most convex points on each zygomatic arch.
12–13	Inter-coronal distance	Distance between the 2 most lateral points on the coronal suture.