Table 2.
Skull anthropometric measures reported by Waitzman et al. (1992), and extracted from the selected population, from the 3DMM mean shape and from the generated synthetic cases.
| Anthropometric measure | Waitzman et al. [n = 166] | Population [n = 178] | Mean shape (% deviation from population mean) | Synthetic samples (population vs. synthetic p values) [n = 1000] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lateral orbital distance | 74.18 ± 5.71 | 78.12 ± 5.33 | 78.77 (−0.83) | 78.96 ± 3.54 (0.044) |
| Anterior inter orbital distance | 18.30 ± 1.93 | 15.91 ± 1.52 | 16.06 (−0.92) | 16.16 ± 1.52 (0.046) |
| Intertemporal distance | 64.80 ± 5.21 | 75.97 ± 5.24 | 76.61 (−0.84) | 76.77 ± 3.80 (0.054) |
| Inter-zygomatic buttress distance | 70.20 ± 6.35 | 71.73 ± 6.58 | 72.14 (−0.57) | 72.25 ± 2.25 (0.296) |
| Zygomatic arch length | 42.64 ± 4.78 | 38.04 ± 4.76 | 38.05 (−0.03) | 38.05 ± 1.88 (0.982) |
| Inter-zygomatic arch distance | 86.86 ± 8.07 | 92.75 ± 8.82 | 93.24 (−0.53) | 93.34 ± 2.64 (0.379) |
| Inter-coronal distance | 101.11 ± 8.87 | 104.53 ± 8.42 | 105.31 (−0.74) | 105.49 ± 5.09 (0.143) |
| CL | 157.79 ± 14.82 | 151.77 ± 15.73 | 152.01 (−0.15) | 152.35 ± 6.51 (0.631) |
| CW | 121.93 ± 10.09 | 128.43 ± 10.60 | 128.38 (0.04) | 129.79 ± 6.71 (0.102) |
| CH | – | 131.05 ± 11.24 | 130.56 (0.37) | 132.18 ± 5.03 (0.187) |
| AS1 | – | 143.24 + − 12.41 | 143.889 (−0.453) | 144.36 ± 5.60 (0.239) |
| AS2 | – | 141.85 + − 12.53 | 142.232 (−1.437) | 142.75 ± 5.60 (0.346) |
| CI | – | 85.04 ± 6.34 | 84.46 (0.68) | 85.38 ± 6.25 (0.500) |
| HI | – | 86.60 ± 4.25 | 85.89 (0.82) | 86.88 ± 4.16 (0.422) |
| OCLR | – | 1.03 ± 0.03 | 1.01 (2.00) | 1.03 ± 0.03 (0.503) |