Table 1.
Demographic information and gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms in patients with psoriasis and common population.
| Characteristic | Total people | Psoriasis patients | Healthy controls | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 326 | 159 | 167 | |
| Age, median (75% CI) years | 37 (30–47) | 36 (30–45) | 37 (28–49) | 0.301 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Male | 192 (58.9) | 108 (67.9) | 84 (50.3) | |
| Female | 134 (41.1) | 51 (32.1) | 83 (49.7) | |
| BMI, median (75% CI) | 22.60 (20.68–25.36) | 23.71 (21.22–26.45) | 22.04 (20.31–24.09) | <0.001 |
| Disease duration, n (%) | ||||
| <3 months | 9 (5.7) | NA | ||
| ≥3, and <6 months | 9 (5.7) | NA | ||
| ≥6, and <12 months | 4 (2.5) | NA | ||
| ≥1, and <3 years | 13 (8.2) | NA | ||
| ≥3, and <5 years | 18 (11.3) | NA | ||
| ≥5 years | 106 (66.6) | NA | ||
| Severity of disease in the last 5 years, n (%) | ||||
| Not affecting daily life at all | 22 (13.8) | NA | ||
| Slightly affecting daily life | 95 (59.8) | NA | ||
| Seriously affecting daily life | 42 (26.4) | NA | ||
| Disease involvement area in the last 5 years, n (%) | ||||
| <1 palm | 24 (15.1) | NA | ||
| ≥1 and <5 palms | 32 (20.1) | NA | ||
| ≥5 and <10 palms | 37 (23.3) | NA | ||
| ≥10 palms | 66 (41.5) | NA | ||
| Abdominal pain, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 260 (79.8) | 114 (71.7) | 146 (87.4) | |
| Slightly | 60 (18.4) | 39 (24.5) | 21 (12.6) | |
| Moderately | 5 (1.5) | 5 (3.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Seriously | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Type of abdominal pain, n (%) | 0.661 | |||
| No | 171 (52.5) | 80 (50.3) | 91 (54.5) | |
| Colic pain | 28 (8.6) | 16 (10.1) | 12 (7.2) | |
| Dull pain | 64 (19.6) | 34 (21.4) | 30 (17.9) | |
| Stabbing pain | 5 (1.5) | 4 (2.5) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Cold pain | 5 (1.5) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (1.8) | |
| Gas pain | 27 (8.3) | 12 (7.5) | 15 (9.0) | |
| Others | 26 (8.0) | 11 (6.9) | 15 (9.0) | |
| Abdominal flatulence, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 220 (67.5) | 89 (56.0) | 131 (78.4) | |
| Slightly | 96 (29.4) | 61 (38.4) | 35 (21.0) | |
| Moderately | 9 (2.8) | 8 (5.0) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Seriously | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Borborygmus, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 265 (81.3) | 115 (72.3) | 150 (89.8) | |
| Slightly | 55 (16.9) | 38 (23.9) | 17 (10.2) | |
| Moderately | 4 (1.2) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Seriously | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Gastric acid reflux, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 238 (73.0) | 92 (57.9) | 146 (87.4) | |
| Slightly | 84 (25.8) | 63 (39.6) | 21 (12.6) | |
| Moderately | 3 (0.9) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Seriously | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Back pain, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 236 (72.4) | 94 (59.1) | 142 (85.0) | |
| Slightly | 80 (24.5) | 59 (37.1) | 21 (12.6) | |
| Moderately | 10 (3.1) | 6 (3.8) | 4 (2.4) | |
| Seriously | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Belching, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 233 (71.5) | 98 (61.7) | 135 (80.8) | |
| Slightly | 91 (27.9) | 59 (37.1) | 32 (19.2) | |
| Moderately | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Seriously | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Nausea or vomiting, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 240 (73.6) | 92 (57.8) | 148 (88.6) | |
| Slightly | 77 (23.6) | 58 (36.5) | 19 (11.4) | |
| Moderately | 6 (1.9) | 6 (3.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Seriously | 3 (0.9) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Passing flatus, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 227 (69.6) | 87 (54.7) | 140 (83.8) | |
| Slightly | 87 (26.7) | 60 (37.7) | 27 (16.2) | |
| Moderately | 10 (3.1) | 10 (6.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Seriously | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Urgency of defecation, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 246 (75.5) | 102 (64.1) | 144 (86.2) | |
| Slightly | 63 (19.3) | 41 (25.8) | 22 (13.2) | |
| Moderately | 15 (4.6) | 14 (8.8) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Seriously | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Constipation, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 216 (66.3) | 78 (49.1) | 138 (82.6) | |
| Slightly | 94 (28.8) | 66 (41.5) | 28 (16.8) | |
| Moderately | 15 (4.6) | 14 (8.8) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Seriously | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Stool frequency, n (%) | 0.005 | |||
| Once a day | 205 (62.9) | 90 (56.6) | 115 (68.9) | |
| 2–3 times a day | 65 (20.0) | 36 (22.6) | 29 (17.3) | |
| More than 3 times a day | 15 (4.6) | 13 (8.2) | 2 (1.2) | |
| Once every 2–3 days | 35 (10.7) | 16 (10.1) | 19 (11.4) | |
| Once every 4–5 days | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.2) | |
| Once or less a week | 3 (0.9) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Stool color, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yellow brown | 238 (73.0) | 105 (66.1) | 133 (79.6) | |
| Green | 8 (2.5) | 7 (4.4) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Black | 16 (4.9) | 14 (8.8) | 2 (1.2) | |
| White | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| No attention | 63 (19.3) | 32 (20.1) | 31 (18.6) | |
| The characteristics of stool, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Soft and shaped | 139 (42.6) | 52 (32.7) | 87 (52.1) | |
| Thin strip | 82 (25.2) | 42 (26.4) | 40 (23.9) | |
| Liquid and shapeless | 48 (14.7) | 31 (19.5) | 17 (10.2) | |
| Dry and hard | 12 (3.7) | 11 (6.9) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Watery | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Foamy | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
| No attention | 43 (13.2) | 21 (13.2) | 22 (13.2) |
p-value were calculated by the Mann-Whitney U-test for age, BMI, and the chi-square test for other variables.
NA, not applicable.