Table 1.
Study population main characteristics.
| Cases(N=72) | Controls(N=31) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and anthropometric data | |||
| Age, years | 48·94 ± 5·00 | 49·94 ± 3·71 | 0·324 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 42 (58·33) | 18 (58·06) | 0·980 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 25·44 ± 4·29 | 25·30 ± 3·16 | 0·863 |
| BSA, m² | 1·854 ± 0·20 | 1·824 ± 0·16 | 0·470 |
| Waist-to-Hip Ratio | 0·925 ± 0·081 | 0·928 ± 0·053 | 0·831 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| SBP mmHg | 114·10 ± 11·45 | 112·13 ± 10 ·08 | 0·410 |
| DBP mmHg | 68·6 ± 8·9 | 72·6 ± 9·98 | 0·026 |
| PP mmHg | 45·5 ± 8·6 | 39·6 ± 6·9 | 0·001 |
| MAP mmHg | 87·36 ± 9·14 | 88·87 ± 9·41 | 0·446 |
| Heart Rate, bpm | 65·74 ± 10·49 | 66·77 ±12·98 | 0·670 |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | |||
| Current Smoking, n (%) | 20 (27·78) | 9 (29·03) | 0·593 |
| Arterial Hypertension, n (%) | 12 (16·67) | 5 (16·13) | 1·000 |
| Metabolic Syndromea, n (%) | 18 (25·0) | 3 (9·68) | 0·109 |
| Family history of early CHD, n (%) | 35 (48·61) | 1 (3·45) | < 10 −4 |
| Lp(a) > 50 mg/dl, n (%) | 16 (23·53) | 3 (9·68) | 0·168 |
| High Cardiovascular Riskb, n (%) | 69 (95·83) | 26 (83·87) | 0·051 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||
| ARB, n (%) | 7 (9·7) | 3 (9·7) | 0·050 |
| ACEI, n (%) | 1 (1·39) | 2 (6·5) | |
| BB, n (%) | 3 (4·2) | 0 (0·0) | |
| CCB, n (%) | 7 (9·7) | 4 (12·9) | |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 3 (4·2) | 1 (3·2) | |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 5 (4·94) | 0 (0·0) | 0·188 |
| Lipid Profile | |||
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 174·89 ± 56·87 | 117·39 ± 27·31 | < 10 −4 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 53·0 ± 15·7 | 61·9 ± 14·3 | 0·005 |
| TG, mg/dl | 115·08 ± 81·07 | 87·81 ± 33·57 | 0·018 |
| Lp(a), mg/dl | 19 (9;180) | 12·0 (9 ;117) | 0·278 |
| Other Biochemistry | |||
| Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 4·98 ± 0·59 | 4·89 ± 0·58 | 0·819 |
| Haematocrit, % | 42·23 ± 3·14 | 41·63 ± 2·73 | 0·361 |
| HbA1c, % | 5·67 ± 0·29 | 5·55 ± 0·34 | 0·064 |
| Creatinine, µmol/l | 77·3 ± 14·8 | 72·4 ± 13·3 | 0·110 |
| GFR, ml/min/1·73m² | 86·1 ± 24·7 | 90·6 ± 14·4 | 0·038 |
ACEI, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor; ARB, Angiotensin Receptor Blocker; BB, beta-blocker; BSA, Body Surface Area; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CHD, Coronary Heart Disease; DBP, Diastolic BP; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); MAP, Mean Arterial Pressure; PP, Pulse Pressure; SBP, Systolic BP; TG, triglycerides.
Metabolic Syndrome was defined according to the following criteria: Waist Circumference ≥80cm (women) or 94cm (men) AND ≥ 2 criteria among: TG ≥ 150 mg/dl; HDL-c < 50 mg/dl (women) or 40 mg/dl (men); SBP ≥ 130 or DBP ≥ 85 mmHg (or antihypertensive therapy); Fasting glucose ≥ 5·6 mmol/l (or antidiabetic therapy).
High cardiovascular risk was defined according to the presence of at least one of the following: male sex, age ≥ 40; family history of premature CHD; antihypertensive drug; metabolic syndrome; tendon xanthoma; LDL-C ≥ 250 mg/dL; HDL-c < 40 mg/dL; Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL.