Table 2.
Associations between personal characteristics and holding a stigmatizing attitude
| Participant characteristics | Level | Because of the coronavirus outbreak, it is best to avoid areas in the UK that are heavily populated by Chinese people | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neither agree not disagree/disagree/strongly disagree n = 1,290, n (%) | Agree/strongly agree n = 524, n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) for holding a stigmatizing attitude | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for holding a stigmatizing attitude | ||
| Gender | Male | 624 (68.6) | 285 (31.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 657 (73.4) | 238 (26.6) | 0.79 (0.65–0.97)* | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | |
| Age | N, M, SD | N = 1,290, M = 48.9, SD = 18.2 | N = 524, M = 45.6, SD = 19.2 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00)* | 0.93 (0.90–0.96)* |
| Age – quadratic (age‐mean)2 | – | – | – | – | 5.61 (2.42–13.02)* |
| Dependent children | No | 932 (73.6) | 334 (26.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 358 (65.3) | 190 (34.7) | 1.48 (1.19–1.84)* | 1.48 (1.15–1.91)* | |
| Chronic illness – self | None | 903 (72.8) | 338 (27.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Present | 371 (67.7) | 177 (32.3) | 1.27 (1.02–1.59)* | 1.51 (1.19–1.93)* | |
| Chronic illness – other household member | None | 1,093 (71.7) | 432 (28.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Present | 181 (68.6) | 83 (31.4) | 1.16 (0.87–1.54) | 1.12 (0.83–1.52) | |
| Employment status | Not working | 591 (73.7) | 221 (26.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Working | 687 (69.0) | 308 (31.0) | 1.26 (1.02–1.54)* | 1.38 (1.06–1.81)* | |
| Work for NHS – self | No | 1,204 (72.0) | 468 (28.0) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 75 (62.5) | 45 (37.5) | 1.54 (1.05–2.27)* | 1.16 (0.77–1.77) | |
| Work for NHS – members of my family | No | 1,106 (70.6) | 461 (29.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 173 (76.9) | 52 (23.1) | 0.72 (0.52–1.00)* | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | |
| Work for NHS – friends | No | 1,143 (70.9) | 469 (29.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 126 (75.6) | 44 (24.4) | 0.79 (0.55–1.13) | 0.75 (0.51–1.09) | |
| Highest educational or professional qualification | GCSE/vocational/A‐level/No formal qualifications | 832 (69.5) | 365 (30.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Degree or higher (Bachelors, Masters, PhD) | 458 (74.2) | 159 (25.8) | 0.79 (0.64–0.98)* | 0.75 (0.59–0.95)* | |
| Index of multiple deprivation | 1st quartile (least deprived) | 309 (75.9) | 98 (24.1) | Reference | Reference |
| 2nd quartile | 327 (72.8) | 122 (27.2) | 1.18 (0.86–1.60) | 1.05 (0.76–1.44) | |
| 3rd quartile | 330 (69.0) | 148 (31.0) | 1.41 (1.05–1.91)* | 1.31 (0.96–1.79) | |
| 4th quartile (most deprived) | 324 (67.5) | 156 (32.5) | 1.52 (1.13–2.04)* | 1.36 (1.00–1.87)* | |
| Ethnicity | White | 1,197 (71.8) | 469 (28.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Minoritized ethnic groups | 82 (60.7) | 53 (39.3) | 1.65 (1.15–2.37)* | 1.45 (0.97–2.15) | |
*
p ≤ .05.