TABLE 1.

A summary of cases reporting exacerbation of dermatological conditions following COVID‐19

Age/gender	Pre‐existing skin condition	COVID‐19 test	Post‐infectious change in manifestations	Treatment	Reference
47‐Year‐old woman	Pustular psoriasis	PCR	Pustular lesions on the trunk and extremities	Hydroxychloroquine for COVID‐19 Treatment of exacerbation not mentioned	Shakoei et al. 1
60‐Year‐old male	Psoriasis in childhood	PCR, Chest CT	Widespread erythematous patches with multiple pustules	Hydroxychloroquine and prednisolone for COVID‐19 Oral acitretin 25 mg/day for the flare‐up	Shahidi Dadras et al. 2
76‐Year‐old male patient	Psoriasis	Chest CT	Progression of erythematosquamous plaques on the scalp, trunk, limbs, and the T‐zone of the face	Hydroxychloroquine for COVID‐19 Treatment of exacerbation not mentioned	Sigha and Kouotou 3
38‐Year‐old man	Chronic plaque psoriasis with a single active psoriatic plaque on the right ankle	PCR	Multiple drops‐like well‐circumscribed salmon pink erythematous papules with fine‐scales consistent with guttate psoriasis	No treatment for COVID‐19 Topical betamethasone 0.025% cream two times per day for the flare‐up	Gananandan et al. 4
69‐Year‐old man	Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis	PCR	Rapid onset of a mild pruritic erythematoedematous morbilliform rash spreading from arms to the trunk and lower limbs	Discontinuation of Secukinumab after COVID‐19 Secukinumab restarted for the flare‐up	Carugno et al. 5
48‐Year‐old female	Psoriasis	PCR, Chest CT	Active psoriatic lesions on the scalp, trunk, and extremities	Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, oseltamivir, and inhaled ipratropium and budesonide for COVID‐19 Treatment of exacerbation not mentioned	Ozaras et al. 6
44‐Year‐old male	Psoriasis	NA	Widespread psoriasis plaques	Treatment of COVID‐19 and flare‐up not mentioned	Al Abadie 7
45‐Year‐old male	Psoriasis	PCR	Severe erythroderma and ectropion, severe onycholysis	Discontinuation of cyclosporine after COVID‐19 Acitretin 35 mg daily which was replaced by cyclosporine 100 mg twice daily and prednisolone 10 mg daily with the onset of acute knee arthritis	Ghalamkarpour et al. 8
73‐Year‐old male	Psoriasis	PCR, Chest CT	Diffuse erythematous scaly plaques progressing to erythroderma	Hydroxychloroquine for COVID‐19 was discontinued Cyclosporine 100 mg daily for psoriasis	Nasiri et al. 9
A 72‐year‐old woman	Acrodermatitis Continua of Hallopeau	PCR	Generalized pustular eruption overlying erythematous plaques and patches that had appeared 2 weeks earlier Almost immediately after the first symptoms of COVID‐19 had appeared, pustular lesions which were confined to the digits and toes, started to eruptively spread to the trunk and extremities. Onycholysis of the fingers and toes was also present	Acitretin 50 mg daily combined with intravenous hydrocortisone for 7 days followed by 5 mg/kg intravenous infliximab	Samotij et al. 10
50‐Year‐old female	Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus	PCR	Enlargement of pre‐existing plaques on the trunk and emergence of new lesions	NA	Abadías‐Granado et al. 11
40‐Year‐old female	Pemphigus vulgaris	PCR	Rapid aggravation of symptoms with involvement of nasal mucosa and appearance of multiple bullae on her skin	IVIG 25 g/day	Ghalamkarpour and Pourani 12
73‐Year‐old woman	Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma	PCR, Chest CT	Raynaud's phenomenon	NA	Mariano et al. 13
56‐Year‐old woman	Sézary syndrome	PCR	Relapse of previously resolved pruritic erythroderma, and large bilateral inguinal lymph nodes	Failed Chemotherapy with gemcitabine	Gonzaga et al. 14

Abbreviation: NA, not available.