TABLE 2.
Distribution of participants who reported “declined” versus “not declined” in overall research time by professional/personal demographic variables (N = 1,023)
| Variables | Declined a | Not declined a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Type of university (n = 1,020) | ||||
| National university [reference] (n = 209) | 135 | (18.6) | 74 | (25.1) |
| Prefectural/municipal university (n = 253) | 179 | (24.7) | 82 | (27.8) |
| Private university (n = 550) | 411 | (56.7) | 139 | (47.1) |
| Current position (n = 1,020) | ||||
| Assistant prof/teaching associate [reference] (n = 227) | 133 | (18.3) | 94 | (31.9) |
| Professor (n = 352) | 269 | (37.1) | 83 | (28.1) |
| Associate prof/lecturer (n = 441) | 323 | (44.6) | 118 | (40.0) |
| Academic degree (n = 1,015) | ||||
| Masters or less [reference] (n = 442) | 296 | (41.0) | 146 | (49.8) |
| Doctoral (n = 573) | 426 | (59.0) | 147 | (50.2) |
| Acquisition of KAKENHI b as a PI (n = 1,003) | ||||
| No [reference] (n = 475) | 321 | (45.0) | 154 | (53.3) |
| Yes (n = 528) | 393 | (55.0) | 135 | (46.7) |
| Gender (n = 1,005) | ||||
| Male [reference] (n = 89) | 58 | (8.1) | 31 | (10.7) |
| Female (n = 916) | 657 | (91.9) | 259 | (89.3) |
| Age (n = 1,016) | ||||
| Aged ≤45 [reference] (n = 331) | 217 | (30.1) | 114 | (38.6) |
| Aged >45 (n = 685) | 504 | (69.9) | 181 | (61.4) |
| Presence of cohabitant(s) (n = 970) | ||||
| No [reference] (n = 362) | 262 | (38.0) | 100 | (35.6) |
| Yes (n = 608) | 427 | (62.0) | 181 | (64.4) |
| Involvement in childcare (n = 983) | ||||
| No [reference] (n = 621) | 448 | (64.1) | 173 | (60.9) |
| Yes (n = 362) | 251 | (35.9) | 111 | (39.1) |
| Involvement in care‐giving for older adults/others (n = 979) | ||||
| No [reference] (n = 817) | 577 | (82.5) | 240 | (85.7) |
| Yes (n = 162) | 122 | (17.5) | 40 | (14.3) |
| Place of residence (n = 1,013) | ||||
| Other prefectures [reference] (n = 370) | 257 | (35.8) | 113 | (38.3) |
| Special alert prefectures c (n = 643) | 461 | (64.2) | 182 | (61.7) |
Abbreviations: PI, principal investigator.
a
Responses “much less” and “less” were labeled as “declined,” and responses “about the same,” “more,” and “much more” were labeled as “not declined.”
b
KAKENHI is the major public competitive grant program for scientific research in Japan.
c
The Japanese government designated 13 prefectures (Hokkaido, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Ishikawa, Gifu, Osaka, Aichi, Kyoto, Hyogo, and Fukuoka) as “special alert prefectures.”