TABLE 1.
Characteristics of all studies describing mortality and secondary infection risk in the meta‐analysis
| Author | Country | Race | Disease severity | Dose (mg) | Study type | Journal | Case size | Case | Control | Death | Secondary infection (fungal) | Drug | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JH Stone | USA | Mix | Mix | 8 mg/kg | RCT | Publish | >100 | 161 | 82 | 9 | 3 | 13 | 14 | Tocilizumab |
| Campochiaro | Italy | Caucasian | Severe | 400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 32 | 33 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 4 | Tocilizumab |
| Capra | Italy | Caucasian | Moderate | 400–800 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 62 | 23 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | Tocilizumab |
| Guaraldi | Italy | Caucasian | Severe | 8 mg/kg | Multicentre case‐control | Publish | >100 | 179 | 365 | 13 | 73 | 24 (6) | 14 (2) | Tocilizumab |
| Kewan | USA | Mix | Severe | 8 mg/kg | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 28 | 23 | 3 | 2 | 5 (1) | 5 (2) | Tocilizumab |
| Quartuccio | Italy | Caucasian | Severe | <400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 42 | 69 | 7 | 0 | 17 | 0 | Tocilizumab |
| Ip | USA | Mix | Critical | 400 | Multicentre case‐control | Publish | >100 | 134 | 413 | 62 | 231 | 18 | 44 | Tocilizumab |
| Kimmig | USA | Mix | Critical | 400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 54 | 57 | 19 | 11 | 29 (3) | 16 (0) | Tocilizumab |
| Somers | USA | Mix | Severe | 8 mg/kg | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 78 | 76 | 7 | 20 | 42 (3) | 20 (2) | Tocilizumab |
| Potere | Italy | Caucasian | Severe | <400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 40 | 40 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 3 | Tocilizumab |
| Hermine | France | Caucasian | Mix | 8 mg/kg | RCT | Publish | <100 | 63 | 67 | 7 | 8 | 2 (0) | 11 (2) | Tocilizumab |
| Ruiz‐Antorán | Spain | Caucasian | Severe | 400–800 | Multicentre case‐control | Publish | >100 | 268 | 238 | 45 | 75 | 124 | 72 | Tocilizumab |
| Hill | USA | Mix | Severe | 400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 43 | 45 | 9 | 15 | 4 | 2 | Tocilizumab |
| Tsai | USA | Mix | Severe | 400–800 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 66 | 66 | 18 | 18 | 4 | 4 | Tocilizumab |
| Albertini | France | Caucasian | Severe | 400–800 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 22 | 22 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Tocilizumab |
| Salvarani | Italy | Caucasian | Severe | 8 mg/kg | RCT | Publish | <100 | 60 | 66 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Tocilizumab |
| Canziani | Italy | Caucasian | Severe | 8 mg/kg | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 64 | 64 | 17 | 24 | 20 | 25 | Tocilizumab |
| De Rossi | Italy | Caucasian | Severe | 400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 90 | 68 | 7 | 34 | 6 | 4 | Tocilizumab |
| Eimer | Sweden | Caucasian | Severe | 8 mg/kg | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 29 | 58 | 10 | 26 | 9 | 20 | Tocilizumab |
| Galvan‐Roman | Spain | Caucasian | Severe | 8 mg/kg | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 58 | 88 | 14 | 16 | 3 | 7 | Tocilizumab |
| Pettit | USA | Mix | NA | 400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 74 | 74 | 29 | 17 | 17 (2) | 6 (1) | Tocilizumab |
| Potere | Italy | Caucasian | Moderate | <400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tocilizumab |
| Rodríguez‐Bano | Spain | Caucasian | NA | 400–800 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 88 | 339 | 2 | 41 | 11 | 36 | Tocilizumab |
| Rojas‐Marte | USA | Mix | Severe | NA | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 96 | 97 | 43 | 55 | 16 (4) | 26 (3) | Tocilizumab |
| Salama | USA | Mix | NA | 8 mg/kg | RCT | Publish | >100 | 249 | 128 | 26 | 11 | 25 | 16 | Tocilizumab |
| Gupta | USA | Mix | Critical | NA | Multicentre case‐control | Publish | >100 | 433 | 3491 | 125 | 1419 | 29 | 285 | Tocilizumab |
| Zheng | China | Asian | Mix | 400–800 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 92 | 89 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Tocilizumab |
| Rosas | USA | Mix | Severe | 8 mg/kg | RCT | medRxiv | >100 | 294 | 144 | 58 | 28 | 113 | 58 | Tocilizumab |
| Carvalho | Brazil | Caucasian | Critical | 400 | Case‐control | medRxiv | <100 | 29 | 24 | 5 | 4 | 11 (6) | 4 (1) | Tocilizumab |
| Della‐Torre | Italy | Caucasian | Severe | 400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 28 | 28 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | Sarilumab |
| Kooistra | Netherlands | Caucasian | Critical | <400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 21 | 39 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 9 | Anakinra |
| Cauchois | France | Caucasian | Severe | <400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 12 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anakinra |
| Huet | France | Caucasian | Severe | <400 | Case‐control | Publish | <100 | 52 | 44 | 7 | 22 | 0 | 0 | Anakinra |
Note: Mix of severity, symptoms of the disease include moderate, severe and critical; mix of race, including, Asian, Caucasian, African and so on.
Abbreviations: NA, no appearance; RCT, randomised controlled trial.