TABLE 1.
Baseline demographics and characteristics in the overall and matched cohort
| Variable | Overall Cohort (N = 34 675) | Matched Cohort (N = 17 347) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antiplatelet Treatment (N = 6781) | No Antiplatelet Treatment (N = 10 566) | SMD | p* | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 69 (60–78) | 72 (64–80) | 72 (64–80) | 0.02 | |
| Male | 18143 (52.3) | 3696 (54.5) | 5635 (53.3) | 0.02 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 (25.0–34.1) | 28.7 (24.7–33.8) | 28.9 (24.9–34.0) | 0.002 | |
| Race | |||||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 604 (1.7) | 175 (2.6) | 162 (1.5) | 0.07 | |
| Asian | 610 (1.8) | 106 (1.6) | 207 (2.0) | 0.03 | |
| African American | 6585 (19) | 1327 (19.6) | 2382 (22.5) | 0.07 | |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 88 (0.3) | 16 (0.2) | 25 (0.2) | 0.004 | |
| Other | 3747 (10.8) | 566 (8.3) | 976 (9.2) | 0.03 | |
| Unknown | 830 (2.4) | 171 (2.5) | 230 (2.2) | 0.02 | |
| White | 22 211 (64.1) | 4420 (65.2) | 6584 (62.3) | 0.06 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Chronic kidney disease | 6326 (18.2) | 1780 (26.2) | 2704 (25.6) | 0.02 | |
| Asthma or COPD | 6040 (17.4) | 1502 (22.2) | 2298 (21.7) | 0.01 | |
| Heart disease | 22 020 (63.5) | 5226 (77.1) | 8039 (76.1) | 0.02 | |
| Hypertension | 19 327 (55.7) | 4477 (66.0) | 6948 (65.8) | 0.01 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 875 (40.0) | 3391 (50.0) | 5171 (48.9) | 0.02 | |
| Prior stroke | 1706 (4.9) | 570 (8.4) | 743 (7.0) | 0.05 | |
| Prior pulmonary embolus | 2103 (6.1) | 510 (7.5) | 715 (6.8) | 0.03 | |
| Prehospital antiplatelet therapies | |||||
| Aspirin | 5659 (16.3) | 5690 (83.9) | |||
| Clopidogrel | 555 (1.6) | 555 (8.2) | |||
| Dipyridamole | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Ticagrelor | 23 (0.1) | 23 (0.3) | |||
| Prasugrel | 8 (0.0) | 8 (0.1) | |||
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 505 (1.5) | 505 (7.4) | |||
| Prehospital antiplatelet doses | |||||
| Aspirin | 81 (81–81) | 81 (81–81) | |||
| Clopidogrel | 75 (75–75) | 75 (75–75) | |||
| Dipyridamole | 200 (200–200) | 200 (200–200) | |||
| Ticagrelor | 90 (90–90) | 90 (90–90) | |||
| Prasugrel | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | |||
| Admission vital signs and prediction scores | |||||
| Admission qSOFA | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | .29 | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 132 (116–148) | 132 (116–149) | 132 (116–149) | .38 | |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 74 (65–83) | 73 (64 −83) | 73 (64–83) | .27 | |
| HR, beats/min | 89 (78 −102) | 88 (76–102) | 88 (77 −101) | .25 | |
| RR | 20 (18 −24) | 20 (18–24) | 20 (18 −24) | .004 | |
| SpO2, % | 94 (91–97) | 95 (91 −97) | 94 (91–97) | <.001 | |
| Temperature, °C | 37.0 (36.7–37.6) | 37.0 (36.7–37.6) | 37.0 (36.7–37.6) | .45 | |
| Initial laboratory values | |||||
| WBC, K/μl | 7.4 (5.4–10.4) | 7.4 (5.4–10.5) | 7.4 (5.4–10.5) | .28 | |
| Lymphocytes, K/μl | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | .27 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.9 (11.3–14.2) | 12.5 (11.0–14.0) | 12.7 (11.1–14.1) | <.001 | |
| Platelets, K/μl | 210 (160–275) | 209 (157–275) | 208 (158–272) | .24 | |
| INR | 1.12 (1.03–1.24) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 1.12 (1.02–1.26) | <.001 | |
| PT, s | 13.5 (12.3–15.0) | 13.6 (12.4–15.1) | 13.6 (12.4–15.3) | .10 | |
| PTT, s | 31.5 (28.1–36.4) | 31.8 (28.3–36.6) | 31.9 (28.4–37.0) | .33 | |
| Fibrinogen, ng/ml | 544 (427–673) | 542 (422–677) | 533 (417–662) | .08 | |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | .03 | |
| Receipt of other therapeutics | |||||
| Dexamethasone | 18 942 (54.6) | 3559 (52.5) | 5645 (53.4) | .41 | |
| Remdesivir | 8546 (24.6) | 1652 (24.4) | 2455 (23.2) | .14 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, heart rate; INR, international normalized ratio, PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; qSOFA, quick sequential organ failure assessment; SMD, standardized mean difference; SpO2, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, WBC, white blood cell.
*Categorical variables are reported as number (percent). Continuous variables are represented as median (interquartile range). Chi‐squared test for categorical variables, Mann‐Whitney U test for continuous variables, pairwise comparison between antiplatelet therapy and non‐antiplatelet therapy groups.