TABLE 2.
COVID‐19 characteristics in COVID‐19 cases (A+C) and (C+) controls
| A+C Cases | C+ Controls | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initial presentation: | .58 | ||
| ED or urgent care | 19 (13.4%) | 113 (10.2%) | |
| Primary care or telemedicine | 122 (85.9%) | 974 (87.8%) | |
| Other/unknown | 1 (0.7%) | 23 (2.1%) | |
| Recent travel | 10 (7.0%) | 34 (3.1%) | .009 |
| Known exposure | 86 (62.3%) | 746 (68.3%) | .16 |
| Interval, days: | |||
| Symptoms to presentation | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | .37 |
| Symptoms to test | 2.5 [1–4] | 2 [1–4] | .47 |
| Initial symptoms: | |||
| Asymptomatic | 16 (11.3%) | 124 (11.2%) | .97 |
| Fever | 53 (37.3%) | 443 (39.9%) | .55 |
| Fatigue | 24 (16.9%) | 162 (14.6%) | .47 |
| Cough | 62 (43.7%) | 477 (43.0%) | .88 |
| Wheezing | 7 (4.9%) | 5 (0.5%) | <.001 |
| Dyspnea | 13 (9.2%) | 25 (2.3%) | <.001 |
| Chest pain | 7 (4.9%) | 16 (1.4%) | .004 |
| Loss of smell | 23 (16.2%) | 125 (11.3%) | .09 |
| Loss of taste | 26 (18.3%) | 129 (11.6%) | .02 |
| Abdominal pain | 8 (5.6%) | 52 (4.7%) | .62 |
| Vomiting | 6 (4.2%) | 36 (3.2%) | .54 |
| Initial treatment: | |||
| Any pharmacologic treatment | 10 (7%) | 15 (1.3%) | <.001 |
| Albuterol | 25 (17.6%) | 8 (0.7%) | <.001 |
| Systemic steroids | 12 (8.5%) | 9 (0.8%) | <.001 |
| Main outcomes | |||
| Hospitalized | 7 (4.9%) | 19 (1.7%) | .01 |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 1 [1–4] | 2 [1–4] | .51 |
| Respiratory support a : | .72 | ||
| None (room air) | 6 | 14 | |
| Nasal cannula (NC) | 0 | 2 | |
| High‐flow NC or NPAP | 1 | 2 | |
| Invasive ventilation | 0 | 1 | |
Numbers represent mean (SD) or median [interquartile range] for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.
Abbreviation: LOS, Length of stay (days); NPAP, Non‐invasive positive airway pressure (includes CPAP and BiPAP).
a
Among hospitalized patients.