TABLE 3.
Association between asthma and hospitalization for COVID‐19
| Model 1 (N = 1,252) | Model 2 (N = 857) | Model 3 (N = 1,252) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma | 3.95 (1.43–10.9)** | 4.87 (1.44–16.43)** | 3.33 (1.19–9.33)* |
| Age, years | 0.88 (0.82–0.95)** | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) | 0.91 (0.85–0.98)* |
| Male sex | 0.55 (0.24–1.26) | 0.42 (0.14–1.27) | 0.49 (0.21–1.15) |
| Race: | |||
| White | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Black | 3.00 (1.28–7.07)* | 1.41 (0.35–5.71) | 4.55 (1.87–11.1)* |
| Other/unknown | 0.54 (0.07–4.23) | 2.69 (0.30–24.3) | 0.51 (0.06–4.18) |
| Recent travel | 1.39 (0.52–3.68) | 2.79 (0.29–26.5) | 1.34 (0.40–4.52) |
| Known exposure | 0.27 (0.52–0.62)** | ||
| Low zip code income | 2.54 (0.75–8.58) | ||
| BMI, percentile | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | ||
| Days from symptom onset to presentation | 1.002 (0.99–1.01) | ||
| Initial symptoms: | |||
| Fever | 1.90 (0.40–4.52) | ||
| Fatigue | 3.15 (1.23–8.09)* | ||
| Vomiting | 8.62 (3.15–23.6)** | ||
Numbers shown are odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hospitalization. All models adjusted for age, sex, race, recent travel, and known exposure. Model 2 additionally adjusted for zip code's median household income, BMI percentile, and the time interval (days) between symptom onset and presentation; these were not included in Model 1 because of greater missingness (~30% were missing BMI or time interval data, thus N = 873). Model 3 additionally adjusted for non‐asthma related symptoms that were significant in the unadjusted analysis (fever, fatigue, and vomiting; see Table S1).
*p < .05.
**p < .01.