TABLE 1.

Scores at PSQI subscales

PSQI subscales (m ± SD)
Sleep quality	1.24 ± 0.65
Sleep latency	1.17 ± 0.87
Sleep duration	0.65 ± 0.65
Sleep efficiency	0.73 ± 1.01
Sleep disturbances	1.16 ± 0.48
Use of sleep medications	0.04 ± 0.34
Daytime dysfunction	0.82 ± 1.16

Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality, longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, greater sleep disturbances, greater use of sleep medications, greater daytime dysfunction, respectively (Buysse et al., 1989).