TABLE 2.
Characteristics on sampling of patients with different expression of platelet P‐selectin
| COVID‐19 patients |
Sepsis | HD | CAD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P‐selectinlow | P‐selectinhigh | ||||
| N | 53 | 66 | 7 | 36 | 26 |
| Platelet VWF content, mean ± SD | 326.0 ± 15.9 | 330.0 ± 5.9 | 396.4 ± 130.9 | 585.0 ± 50.0 | 543.1 ± 51.6 |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 62 (53–76) | 58 (49–68) | 79 (67–82) | 54 (47–59) | 62 (57–69) |
| Female, n (%) | 22 (41.5) | 28 (42.4) | 5 (71.4) | 19 (52.8) | 3 (11.5) |
| BMI (kg/cm2), median (IQR) | 26 (25–30) | 28 (25–31) | ‐ | 24 (23–25) | 26 (24–29) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| HTN, n (%) | 22 (41.5) | 19 (28.8) | 2 (28.6) | 0 | 18 (69.2) |
| CAD, n (%) | 6 (11.3) | 4 (6.1) | 3 (42.9) | 0 | 26 (100) |
| DM, n (%) | 11 (20.8) | 7 (10.6) | 3 (42.9) | 0 | 2 (7.7) |
| COPD, n (%) | 4 (7.5) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0 | 0 |
| CKD, n (%) | 5 (9.4) | 3 (4.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Active neoplasia, n (%) | 4 (7.5) | 3 (4.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Autoimmune disease, n (%) | 6 (11.3) | 3 (4.5) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment at time of sampling | |||||
| LMWH, n (%) | 8 (15.1) | 12 (18.2) | 0 | ‐ | ‐ |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 16 (30.2) | 26 (39.4) | 0 | ‐ | ‐ |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 14 (26.4) | 12 (18.2) | 3 (43) | 0 | 23 (88.5) |
| At admission | |||||
| PaO2/FiO2, median (IQR) | 302 (168–394) | 308 (234–346) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| ARDS at admission, n (%) | 20 (30.7) | 27 (40.9) | 1 (14.3) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Platelet count (×103/µl), | |||||
| median (IQR) | 198 (162–241) | 230 (181–316) *† | 96 (35–165) | 180 (163–230) | 217 (178–234) |
| CRP (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 49 (17–155) | 58 (18–132) | 220 (141–277) | ‐ | ‐ |
| LDH (U/L), median (IQR) | 344 (241–479) | 317 (256–415) | 723 (348–854) | ‐ | ‐ |
| D‐dimer (µg/ml), median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.5–3.2) | 0.7 (0.4–1.6) | 12 (9.0–25.0) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Hospitalization | |||||
| Hospitalized, n (%) | 41 (77.4) | 56 (84.8) | 7 (100) | ||
| Length of stay (days)a, * | |||||
| median (IQR) | 10 (5–30) | 11 (5–21) | 15 (5–20) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Transfer to ICU, n (%) | 7 (13.2) | 6 (9.1) | 5 (71.4) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Death, n (%) | 12 (22.6) | 11 (16.7) | 3 (42.9) | ‐ | ‐ |
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; HD, healthy donors; HTN, arterial hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LMWH, low‐molecular weight heparin; PaO2/FiO2, arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen; VWF, von Willebrand factor.
b Compared with P‐selectin low COVID‐19 patients. von Willebrand factor (VWF) was expressed as mean ± SD of arbitrary units of mean fluorescence intensity.
Calculated as the time from hospital admission to death: discharge or time of statistical analysis for still hospitalized patients.
p< 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001.