Table 6.
Linear regression coefficients for the associations between blood lipids and intake of low-fat cheese and intake of regular-fat cheese among non-users of cholesterol-lowering drugs (n = 9,578). The Tromsø Study: Tromsø7.
| Non-users of cholesterol-lowering drugs (n = 9,578) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intake of low-fat cheese (25 g/day) | Intake of regular-fat cheese (25 g/day) | |||||
| βa | 95 % CI | p -value | βa | 95 % CI | p -value | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Unadjusted modelb | −0.0493 | (−0.0867, −0.0119) | 0.01 | −0.0279 | (−0.0511, −0.0047) | 0.02 |
| Age-adjusted modelb | −0.0476 | (−0.0837, −0.0115) | 0.01 | −0.0105 | (−0.0330, 0.0119) | 0.36 |
| Multivariable modelc | −0.0502 | (−0.0873, −0.0130) | 0.01 | −0.0001 | (−0.0236, 0.0235) | 0.997 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Unadjusted modelb | −0.0779 | (−0.1127, −0.0432) | <0.001 | −0.0450 | (−0.0666, −0.0235) | <0.001 |
| Age-adjusted modelb | −0.0776 | (−0.1115, −0.0436) | <0.001 | −0.0330 | (−0.0541, −0.0119) | 0.002 |
| Multivariable modelc | −0.0490 | (−0.0835, −0.0144) | 0.01 | −0.0140 | (−0.0360, 0.0079) | 0.21 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Unadjusted modelb | 0.0658 | (0.0479, 0.0838) | <0.001 | 0.0274 | (0.0162, 0.0385) | <0.001 |
| Age-adjusted modelb | 0.0678 | (0.0500, 0.0855) | <0.001 | 0.0331 | (0.0220, 0.0441) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable modelc | 0.0137 | (−0.0020, 0.0294) | 0.09 | 0.0186 | (0.0087, 0.0285) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (% change) | ||||||
| Unadjusted modelb | −7.77 | (−9.49, −6.02) | <0.001 | −1.37 | (−2.52, −0.21) | 0.02 |
| Age-adjusted modelb | −7.87 | (−9.58, −6.12) | <0.001 | −1.32 | (−2.47, −0.15) | 0.03 |
| Multivariable modeld | −3.87e | (−5.56, −2.16) | <0.001 | −0.21 | (−1.32, 0.92) | 0.72 |
β (regression coefficient) represents mean change in blood lipid concentrations per one unit (25 g/day) increase in intake of low-fat cheese and intake of regular-fat cheese. For the models with triglycerides as dependent variable, the regression coefficient represents relative change (%) in triglyceride concentration for one unit increase (25 g/day) in intake of low-fat cheese and intake of regular-fat cheese.
n = 9,578.
Adjusted for age, sex, education, level of physical activity, body mass index, energy intake, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and alcohol, and smoking status. n = 9,303.
Adjusted for age, sex, education, level of physical activity, body mass intake, energy intake, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, sugar, and alcohol, smoking status, time since last meal, and intake of alcohol last two days. n = 9,285.
A 25 g/day increase in intake of low-fat cheese is associated with a decrease of −0.05 mmol/L for a person that has triglyceride concentration of 1.30 mmol/L (median value of the study population).