TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics and comparisons of the patients regarding antibody response
| All patients n = 85 | Antibody (–) n = 69 | Antibody (+) n = 16 (18.8%) | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, F/M (n, %) | 47/38, 55.3/44.7 | 25/34, 50.7/49.3 | 12/4, 75/25 | .07 |
| Age, year (mean ±SD) | 46.4 ± 12.5 | 48±11 | 38 ± 12 | .005 |
| Primary kidney disease | .48 | |||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 9, 10.5% | 9, 13% | – | |
| Hereditary kidney diseases | 7, 8.2% | 4, 5.7% | 3, 18.7% | |
| Hypertension | 4, 4.7% | 4, 5.7% | – | |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 28, 32.9% | 24, 34.7% | 4, 25% | |
| Chronic TIN | 19, 22.3% | 15, 21.7% | 4, 25% | |
| Unknown | 18, 21.1% | 13, 18.8% | 5, 31.2% | |
| Donor type (n,%) | .23 | |||
| Deceased | 22, 25.9% | 16, 23.2% | 10, 62.5% | |
| Living | 63, 74.1% | 53, 76.8% | 6, %37.5 | |
| HLA mismatch (median, IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–4) | .65 |
| Time after transplantation, month (mean ± SD) | 82 ± 68 | 86 ± 72 | 69 ± 42 | .71 |
| Preemptive transplantation (n, %) | 22, 25.9% | 20, 28.9% | 2, 12.5% | .16 |
| RRT history | .39 | |||
| HD | 44, 51.8% | 35, 50.7% | 9, 56.3% | |
| PD | 9, 10.6% | 5, 7.2% | 4, 25% | |
| TX | 1, 1.2% | 1, 1.4% | – | |
| Multiple | 8, 9.4% | 7, 10.1% | 1, 6.3% | |
| Second transplantation (n, %) | 9, %10.6 | 8, 11.6% | 1, 6.3% | .52 |
| RRT duration, month (mean ± SD) | 44.8 ± 7 | 39 ± 7 | 65 ± 20 | .11 |
| Induction therapy (n, %) | .29 | |||
| No | 25, 29.4% | 22, 31.9% | 3, 18.8% | |
| ATG | 28, 32.9% | 21, 30.4% | 7, 43.7% | |
| Basiliksimab | 19, 22.3% | 15, 21.7% | 4, 25% | |
| History of ATG (n, %) | 30, 35.3% | 23, 33.3% | 7, 43.8% | .8 |
| Maintenance immunosuppression (n, %) | ||||
| Tacrolimus | 75, 88.2% | 61, 88.4% | 14, 87.5% | .57 |
| Cyclosporine | 5, 5.9% | 4, 5.8% | 1, 6.3% | .89 |
| MMF‐MPA | 54, 63.6% | 45, 65.2% | 9, 56.3% | .7 |
| AZA | 28, 32.9% | 22, 31.9% | 6, 37.5% | .54 |
| mTOR inhibitors | 1, 1.1% | 1, 2.9% | – | – |
| Steroids | 81, 95.3% | 67, 97.1% | 14, 87.5% | .1 |
| History of Rejection (n, %) | 12, 14,1% | 10, 14.5% | 2, 12.5% | .83 |
| AMR | 4, 33.3% | 4, 5.8% | – | |
| TCR | 4, 33.3% | 3, 4.3% | 1, 6.3% | |
| Mixt | 4, 33.3% | 3, 4.3% | 1, 6.3% | |
| Serum Creatinine level, mg/dL (median, IQR) | 1.11 (0.84–1.33) | 1.14 (0.92–1.36) | 0.91 (0.62–1.27) | .04 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 (median, IQR) | 70 (53–88) | 67.4 (53–81) | 93.3 (55–116) | .04 |
| Proteinuria, mg/day (median, IQR) | 129 (100–254) | 131 (100–234) | 100 (100–297) | .72 |
| Other vaccines in last 2 years, (n, %) | ||||
| Pneumococcal vaccine | 28, 32,9% | 24, 34.8% | 4, 25% | 1 |
| Influenza vaccine | 35, 41,2% | 32, 46.4% | 3, 18.8% | .15 |
| BCG vaccine | 55, 64,7% | 47, 68.1% | 8, 50% | .56 |
| COVID‐19 IgG level after vaccination, IU/mL (median, IQR) | 3.27 (0.85–7.27) (0–99.9) | 2.04 (0.58–5.02) | 52.5 (21.5–96) | – |
| COVID‐19 IgG level after vaccination, IU/ml | – | – | ||
| Negative (<10 IU/ml) | 69, 81.2% | |||
| Equivocal (10–12 IU/ml) | – | |||
| Low Positive (12–50 IU/ml) | 8, 9.4% | |||
| Medium Positive (50–250 IU/ml) | 8, 9.4% | |||
| High Positive (250–1000 IU/ml) | – | |||
| Adverse events | .35 | |||
| Arthralgia, myalgia, fatigue | 6, 7% | 5, 7.2% | 1, 6.2% | |
| Headache | 2, 2.3% | 2, 2.8% | – | |
| Inoculation site pain | 2, 2.3% | 1, 1.4% | 1, 6.2% | |
| Fever | 1, 1.1% | 1, 1.4% | – | |
| Hypertension | 1, 1.1% | 1, 1.4% | – | |
| Dizziness | 2, 2.3% | 2, 2.8% | – | |
| Sore throat | 1, 1.1% | 1, 1.4% | – | |
| Chest pain | 1, 1.1% | 1, 1.4% | – |
Abbreviations: AMR, antibody‐mediated rejection; ATG, anti‐thymocyte globulin; AZA, azathioprine; BCG, Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019.; eGFR; estimated glomerular filtration rate; F, female; HD, hemodialysis; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; IQR, interquartile range; IVIG, intravenous immune globulin; M, male; MMF/MPA, mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PD, peritoneal dialysis; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SD, standard deviation; TCR, T‐cell mediated rejection; TIN, tubulointerstitial nephritis; TX, transplantation.