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Oxygen uptake (VO2; a), heart rate (b), minute ventilation (Ve; c) and respiratory exchange ratio (d; RER) obtained at rest and in response to cycling (moderate and severe intensity domain) with and without a surgical face mask. Moderate cycling was performed at a work rate 25% below the ventilatory threshold (VT) and severe cycling was completed at a work rate 25% above the VT. †Significant differences between conditions (p < 0.01)
