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. 2021 Nov 30;16:7813–7830. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S335757

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© 2021 Lu et al.

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Effect of exogenous Wharton’s jelly-mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (WJ-MSC-EVs) in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. (A) The mRNA expression levels of ALP, RUNX2, OPG, and DKK1 were measured by qRT-PCR at 7 days after osteogenic induction. (B) The calcium deposit formations were identified after ARS staining. (C) Quantification of the ARS level was measured by the absorbance at 525 nm. Data are expressed as mean±SD (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005).

Abbreviations: ARS, Alizarin Red S; OVX, ovariectomy; WJ-MSC-EVs, Wharton’s jelly-mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.