TABLE 4.
Comparisons before and during the full lockdown regarding sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep schedule regularity, physical activity, natural light exposure, and screen exposure
| Variable | Before the lockdown | During the lockdown | chi‐square or Spearman’s rho | p | Estimatea (95% CI) | p b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep quality, mean (SD) | 7.22 (1.70) | 6.05 (2.18) | 0.429 | <0.001 | −0.313 (−0.352, −0.275) | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration, mean (SD) | 6.66 (0.863) | 6.71 (1.16) | 0.363 | <0.001 | 0.0482 (−0.0212, 0.118) | 0.173 |
| Sleep schedule regularity, mean (SD) | 7.35 (1.95) | 6.30 (2.34) | 0.379 | <0.001 | −0.235 (−0.269, −0.2) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (weekly), n (%) | ||||||
| None | 254 (15.6) | 390 (24) | 127 | <0.001 | −0.279 (−0.354, −0.205) | <0.001 |
| <1 hr | 299 (18.4) | 419 (25.8) | ||||
| 1−4 hr | 835 (51.4) | 588 (36.2) | ||||
| >4 hr | 237 (14.6) | 228 (14) | ||||
| Natural light exposure, n (%) | ||||||
| Morning | 1392 (85.7) | 1221 (75.1) | 121 | <0.001 | −0.696 (−0.876, −0.515) | <0.001 |
| Evening | 1475 (90.8) | 1375 (84.6) | 102 | <0.001 | −0.584 (−0.801, −0.367) | <0.001 |
| Screen exposure in the morning, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 235 (14.5) | 128 (7.9) | 545 | <0.001 | 0.408 (0.349, 0.466) | <0.001 |
| <30 min | 560 (34.5) | 299 (18.4) | ||||
| 30 min−1 hr | 363 (22.3) | 375 (23.1) | ||||
| 1−3 hr | 249 (15.3) | 426 (26.2) | ||||
| >3 hr | 218 (13.4) | 397 (24.2) | ||||
| Screen exposure in the evening, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 9 (0.6) | 13 (0.8) | 601 | <0.001 | 0.807 (0.708, 0.906) | <0.001 |
| <30 min | 101 (6.2) | 31 (1.9) | ||||
| 30 min−1 hr | 363 (22.3) | 145 (8.9) | ||||
| 1−3 hr | 855 (52.6) | 709 (43.6) | ||||
| >3 hr | 297 (18.3) | 727 (44.7) | ||||
Bold values indicate a statistically significant difference with p < 0.05.
a
Estimate represent the log odds of “Before the lockdown” versus “During the lockdown”.
b
p from multivariate analyses (binomial logistic regression) including age, gender, and main occupation.