HucMSC exosomes promote osteogenic proliferation and differentiation. (A)
After co-culture of Exo1 with osteoblasts, the results of CCK-8 assays
showed a significant promoting of proliferation in a
concentration-dependent manner. (B) Exo2 did not promote proliferation
after co-culture with osteoblasts. Exo1 and Exo2 concentrations were 100
μg/mL. (C) Images show ALP staining, in which the color in the Exo2
image was darker than that for Exo1. (D) Images show alizarin red
staining, in which Exo2 produced the most mineralized nodules,
indicating that Exo2 promotes stronger osteogenic differentiation than
Exo1. The concentration of Exo1 was set at 200, 100, and 0 μg/mL, and
the concentration of Exo2 was set at 200, 100, and 0μg/mL. E and G show
ALP staining, and F and H Alizarin red staining of exosomes. The
staining increased with increasing concentration, indicating that Exo1
and Exo2 promoted osteogenic differentiation in a
concentration-dependent manner (shown at the original magnification, ×
100).