Table 1.
Demographics, Comorbidities, and Presenting Symptoms Among all Patients.
| Authors | Study design | Country | Sample size | Age (y) | Gender | Comorbidities | Presenting symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cizgic et al 13 | Case report | Turkey | 1 | 78 | M | HTN | Chest pain, shortness of breath |
| Yokoo et al 14 | Case report | Brazil | 1 | 81 | M | HTN, Ischemic Stroke | Fever, shortness of breath |
| Pietsch et al 15 | Case report | Germany | 1 | 59 | F | None | ARDS and dyspnea |
| Pavon et al 16 | Case report | Switzerland | 1 | 64 | M | Isolated pulmonary sarcoidosis and epilepsy | Fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, cough |
| Khatri et al 17 | Case report | USA | 1 | 50 | M | HTN, Ischemic stroke | Fever with chills, malaise, shortness of breath, cough, syncope |
| Hussain et al 18 | Case report | USA | 1 | 51 | M | HTN | Cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, fever |
| Dalen et al 19 | Case report | Norway | 1 | 55 | F | None | Fatigue, myalgia, syncope, chest pain |
| Zeng et al 20 | Case report | China | 1 | 63 | M | None | Fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain |
| Doyen et al 21 | Case report | France | 1 | 69 | M | HTN | Fever, cough, shortness of breath, vomiting, diarrhea |
| Faircloth et al 22 | Case report | USA | 1 | 60 | M | Multiple sclerosis | Fever, tachycardia, hypotension, shortness of breath, tachypnea, hypoxia |
| Coyle et al 23 | Case report | USA | 1 | 57 | M | HTN | Fever, myalgia, cough, shortness of breath, decrease appetite, nausea, diarrhea |
| Luetkens et al 24 | Case report | Germany | 1 | 79 | M | Asthma | Fatigue, syncope, shortness of breath, wheeze |
| Jain et al 25 | Case report | India | 1 | 60 | M | HTN, DM II | Cough, shortness of breath, hypoxia (75% SpO2) |
| Mustafa et al 26 | Case report | USA | 1 | 56 | M | None | Fatigue, myalgia, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath |
| Mansoor et al 27 | Case report | USA | 1 | 72 | F | HTN | Myalgia, fever, tachycardia, cough, cold, tachypnea, hypoxia (60% Sp02) |
| Al-assaf et al 28 | Case report | UAE | 1 | 58 | M | HTN | Asymptomatic |
| Khalid et al 29 | Case report | USA | 1 | 76 | F | HTN, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism | Fever, dyspnea, cough, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxia (79%SpO2) |
| Inciardi et al 30 | Case report | Italy | 1 | 53 | F | None | Fatigue, fever, hypotension, cough |
| Fried et al 31 | Case report | USA | 1 | 64 | F | HTN, hyperlipidemia | Asymptomatic |
| Wehit et al 32 | Case report | Argentina | 1 | 68 | M | HTN, obesity, DM II | Fever, fatigue |
| Butler et al. 33 | Case report | USA | 1 | 50 | M | HTN, DM II | Tachycardia, shortness of breath, hypoxia, confusion |
| Lagana et al. 34 | Cohort | Italy | 12 | 76( Mean) | 5M,7F | 75%—Systemic HTN, 66.7% Cardiac, | Fever, cough, shortness of breath |
| Kallel et al 35 | Case report | USA | 1 | 56 | M | Diabetes, obesity | Fever, myalgia, chest pain, cough, hypoxia |
| Ghurge et al. 36 | Case report | Canada | 1 | 62 | M | HTN, dyslipidemia | Fever, fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, tachypnea, lethargy |
| Fath et al 37 | Case report | USA | 1 | 61 | M | HTN, obesity, hyperlipidemia | Fatigue, myalgia, hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxia (spO2 85%), shortness of breath |
| Dabbagh et al 38 | Case report | USA | 1 | 67 | M | Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF of 40% | Cough, shortness of breath, left shoulder pain |
| Irabien-Ortiz et al 39 | Case report | Spain | 1 | 59 | F | HTN, lymph node tuberculosis diagnosed by presence of erythema nodosum, and migraine | Fever, squeezing chest pain |
| Albert et al 40 | Case report | USA | 1 | 49 | M | None | Fever, dyspnea |
| Escher et al 41 | Case report | Germany | 1 | 39 | M | None | Fever, dyspnea |
| Ford et al 42 | Case report | USA | 1 | 53 | M | Dyslipidemia | Malaise, fever, chest pain |
| Gauchott et al 43 | Case report | France | 1 | 69 | M | DM II, HTN, IHD | Fever, fatigue, abdominal pain |
| Hua et al 44 | Case report | UK | 1 | 47 | F | None | Fever, dry cough, chest pain, shortness of breath |
| Jacobs et al 45 | Case report | Belgium | 1 | 48 | M | HTN | Diarrhea, cough, dyspnea |
| Labani et al 46 | Case report | French | 1 | 71 | F | Breast Cancer | Flu-like symptoms, chest pain |
| Spano et al 47 | Case report | Switzerland | 1 | 49 | M | None | Dyspnea, fatigue, intermittent epigastric pain, nocturia |
| Tavazzi et al 48 | Case report | Italy | 1 | 69 | M | None | Cough, dyspnea, weakness |
| Trogen et al 49 | Case report | USA | 1 | 69 | M | Obesity, asthma, spondylolysis | Fever, neck pain, diarrhea, vomiting |
| Varga et al 50 | Case report | N/A | 1 | 71 | M | Renal transplant, CAD, HTN | Dyspnea, fever, tachycardia, confusion |
| Warchoł et al. 51 | Case report | Poland | 1 | 74 | M | Atrial fibrillation, arterial HTN | New-onset ventricular tachycardia |
| Sardari et al 52 | Case report | Iran | 1 | 31 | M | None | Dyspnea, fever, |
| Dahl et al 53 | Case report | Norway | 1 | 37 | M | None | Fever, headache, unilateral left painful neck swelling |
| Hu et al. 54 | Case Report | China | 1 | 37 | M | None | Chest pain, dyspnea, diarrhea |
| Volis et al 55 | Case report | Israel | 1 | 21 | M | Smoking | Chest pain, cough, dyspnea, fever |
| Besler et al. 56 | Case report | Turkey | 1 | 20 | M | None | Chest pain, fever |
| Gaine et al 57 | Case report | Ireland | 1 | 58 | M | Smoking | Palpitations, dyspnea |
| Sheikh et al 58 | Case report | USA | 1 | 28 | M | None | Chest pain, cough, dyspnea |
| Salamanca et al 59 | Case report | Spain | 1 | 44 | M | None | Dyspnea, syncope |
| Naneishvili et al 60 | Case report | UK | 1 | 44 | M | None | Syncope, fever, lethargy |
| Kim et al 61 | Case report | Korea | 1 | 21 | F | None | Fever, dyspnea, cough |
| Nikoo et al 62 | Case report | Iran | 1 | 38 | F | None | Chest pain, nausea, vomiting, malaise |
| Sala et al 63 | Case report | Italy | 1 | 43 | F | Unremarkable | Dyspnea, fever, chest pain. |
| Yuan et al 64 | Case report | China | 1 | 33 | M | N/R | Fever, chest pain |
| Warchol et al. 51 | Case report | Poland | 1 | 74 | M | Atrial fibrillation, atrial HTN, type II DM, hypothyroidism | No symptoms |
| Asif and Ali 65 | Case series | USA | 2 | 64,71 | P1:M, P2: F | P1: HTN, Hyperlipidemia, P2: Multiple Myeloma | P1: dyspnea, hypotension. P2: Fever, cough, dyspnea |
| Khalid et al 66 | Case series | USA | 2 | 48, 34 | P1: M, P2: F | P1: Obesity, Diabetes, Obstructive sleep apnea. P2: None | P1: Fever, chills, myalgias, diarrhea, nonproductive cough and shortness of breath. P2: Fever, chills, body ache |
| Ng et al. 67 | Cohort | China | 16 | 68 | 9M,7F | None | All have chest pain, cough, shortness of breath |
| Jirak et al 68 | Cohort | Europe | 76 | 66.8 | 53M,23F | Arterial
hypertension—56.6% CAD—13.2% PVD—5.3% DM II- 26.3% |
N/A |
| Xu yan et al. 69 | Cohort | China | 27 | 69 | 10M, 17F | CHD-11% | Fever (82.4%), chest pain (7,6%), cough (68.1%), shortness of breath (40.3%), diarrhea (31.1%) |
| Kunal et al. 70 | Cohort | India | 28 | 60.9 ± 15.1 | 14M,14F | Diabetes = 71.4%, HTN = 64.3%, | Myalgia, fever, fatigue, chest pain, cold, cough, shortness of breath, confusion, headache, diarrhea |