Table 3.
Authors | In-hospital management | Complications | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Cizgic et al 13 | Furosemide, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and, beta-blocker along with Covid-19 specific therapy | ARDS | Transfer red back to Covid19 center |
Yokoo et al 14 | Antibiotics, steroids | — | Discharged |
Pietsch et al 15 | N/A | N/R | N/R |
Pavon et al 16 | Piperacillin-tazobactam, catecholamine, Intubated | N/R | Discharged |
Khatri et al 17 | Hydroxychloroquine (400 mg twice on the first day, succeeded by 200 mg twice a day for 4 days), IV azithromycin, IV vancomycin, IV cefepime, and methylene blue infusion, IV methylprednisolone (200 mg/d) on 3 day, dobutamine, vasopressin, and norepinephrine | Cardiogenic and distributive shock, with multi-organ failure | Died on day 4 |
Hussain et al 18 | Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, and Indomethacin 7th day, methylprednisolone and colchicine, mechanical ventilation | ARDS on 2nd day | N/R |
Dalen et al 19 | IV fluids, norepinephrine, and dobutamine | Cardiogenic shock | Recovered |
Zeng et al 20 | High-flow oxygen, lopinavir-ritonavir, interferon α-1b, immunoglobulin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and continuous renal replacement therapy, IV methylprednisolone, vasopressors used from day 26, ECMO on day 11 | Cardiogenic shock on day 11, Septic shock on day 26, ARDS day 1 | Passed away on day 33 |
Doyen et al 21 | Aspirin, fondaparinux, IV hydrocortisone for 9 days, Mechanical ventilation | ARDS | Discharged from ICU after 3 weeks |
Faircloth et al 22 | Norepinephrine, vasopressin, dobutamine, and methylprednisolone | — | Discharged |
Coyle et al 23 | Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and tocilizumab, IV methylprednisolone 500 mg daily x 4 days, followed by decreasing dose and, colchicine, milrinone day 4, norepinephrine day 4, mechanical ventilation on day 3 | ARDS on day 3, Cardiogenic shock on day 4 | Discharged on day 19 |
Luetkens et al 24 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Jain et al 25 | Vasoactive drugs, vancomycin and cefepime, IVIG, pulse dose steroids, and mechanical ventilation. | Cardiogenic shock and multi-organ failure | Discharged on day 46 |
Renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury and N-acetylcysteine for acute liver injury, | NA | NA | |
Mustafa et al 26 | Aspirin, unfractionated heparin and nitroglycerin infusion for acute coronary syndrome. | N/R | Improvement in symptoms over the next few days |
Azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine | |||
Mansoor et al 27 | Vancomycin, meropenem, chloroquine, and azithromycin, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, vasopressin, diuretics, and subcutaneous heparin | Multi-organ system failure and pulseless electrical activity. | Mortality on day 6 in ICU |
Al-assaf et al 28 | Enoxaparin, amlodipine, and scheduled a permanent pacemaker implant. | — | Discharged in stable condition. |
Khalid et al 29 | Tocilizumab ( 2-dose of 480 mg and 240 mg), intravenous immunoglobulin (25 g for 5 days), ceftriaxone, cefdinir, and cefepime, norepinephrine, Intubated | Cardiogenic shock, ARDS | Recovered |
Inciardi et al 30 | Hydroxychloroquine (200 mg 2 times a day ), lopinavir/ritonavir (250 every 12 h), kanrenone (50 mg), furosemide(25-50 mg), and bisoprolo(2.5 mg)l, IV methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 3 days, dobutamine | Cardiogenic shock on day 1 | Recovered |
Fried et al 31 | Intraaortic baloon pump was inserted and dobutamine infusion | Cardiogwnic shock | Discharge |
Wehit et al 32 | Ampicillin/sulbactam, liponavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine, orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation | On day 15, bacteraemic sepsis and multi-organ failure | Patient was still in the intensive care unit |
Butler et al 33 | Rehabilitation | N/R | N/R |
Lagana et al 34 | Methyl prednisolone (100%), Ace Inhibitor (75%) | Cardiogenic shock (33.33%) | 3(25%) |
Kallel et al 35 | Oxygen therapy with a high concentration mask (10
litters/minute) for acute respiratory failure on
admission. Dobutamine (5 γ/kg/min) and noradrenaline (3 mg/h). One dose of 80mg of Tocilizumab), corticosteroid, and azithromycin; (500mg the first day then 25 mg/day for 4 days). |
N/R | Discharged 7 days later in-patient management |
Fath et al 37 | Aspirin and ticagrelor, along with the heparin infusion and inotropic support with norepinephrine, vasopressin, and dobutamine for acute coronary syndrome. | Cardiac arrest | Died |
Dabbagh et al 38 | Hydroxychloroquine, glucocorticoids, and colchicine; Intubated. | — | Discharged |
Irabien-Ortiz et 39 | Immunoglobulins (80 mg/day), interferon-B (0.25 mg every 48 h) and ritonavir/lopinavir, IV methylprednisolone 500 mg daily at decreasing doses for 14 days, and norepinephrine, ECMO | Cardiogenic shock on day 1 | N/R |
Albert et al 40 | Tocilizumab, Methyprednizone, IV immunoglobulin, Inotropes, ECMO. | — | Discharged |
Escher et al 41 | Cyclophosphamide and steroids. | Recovered | |
Ford et al 42 | Amiodarone load, ceftriaxone/azithromycin, tissue plasminogen activator, warfarin. | — | Recovered and discharged |
Gauchotte et al 43 | Vasopressors, Inotropic support, ECMO, intubation. | N/R | Deceased at 6th day of hospitalization |
Hua et al 44 | Vasopressors | Cardiogenic shock day 1 | Recovered |
Jacobs et al 45 | Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dobutamine | Refractory shock | Died |
Labani et al 46 | N/R | — | Recovered and discharged |
Spano et al 47 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Tavazzi et al 48 | Adrenaline (0.07 μg/kg/mi n), and noradren aline (0.1 μg/kg/mi n), ECMO and IABP | Cardiogenic shock on day 1 and septic shock | Died |
Trogen et al 49 | Hydroxychloroquine, piperacillin/tazobactam, enoxaparin | Septic shock | Discharged |
Varga et al 50 | N/R | N/R | Died |
Warchoł et al 51 | Azithromycin, oseltamivir, magnesium, and amiodarone | N/R | N/R |
Sardari et al 52 | Bisoprolol and lisinopril | Plueritic chest pain | N/R |
Dahl et al 53 | Cefotaxime, clindamycin,3 L/min- oxygen, Furosemide, norepinephrine, Continuous positive airway pressure | respiratory distress,right side bell’s palsy | Discharged on day 11 |
Hu et al 54 | methylprednisolone,immunoglobulin,norepinephrine,toracemide,furosemidemilrinone,piperacillin,sulbactam, pantoprazole | cardiogenic shock and pulmonary infection | Discharge |
Volis et al 55 | N/R | Pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea | Discharge |
Besler et al 56 | Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, tigecycline, favipiravir, colchicine | chest pain | Discharged on day 7 |
Gaine et al 57 | Diuretics, rate-control agents, anticoagulants, ACE inhibitor, mineralocorticoid antagonist | Heart failure | discharge |
Sheikh et al 58 | Metoprolol, lisinopril, low-dose aspirin, hydrochlorthiazide, desmopressin | Diabetes insipidus | Discharge |
Salamanca et al 59 | Dobutamine, norepinephrine, methylprednisolone, tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir, temporary pacemaker, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, intra-aortic balloon pump | Cardiogenic shock | Discharge |
Naneishvili et al 60 | Methylprednisolone, dobutamine, amiodarone, milrinone, norepinephrine, antibiotics | cardiogenic shock | Discharge |
Kim et al 61 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Nikoo et al 62 | Amiodarone, dexamethasone, standard heart failure therapies (details n/r),therapeutic anticoagulation, temporary pacemaker | Cardiogenic shock | Discharge |
Long ma et al 3 | NA | NA | NA |
Sala et al 63 | Lopinavir, Hydroxychloroquine | Chest Pain, dyspnoea | Discharge |
Yuan et al 64 | N/R | Chest Pain | Discharge |
Warchol et al | Azithromycin, oseltamivir | Hemodynamically unstable | N/R |
Asif and Ali 65 | P1: Aspirin, clopidogrel and heparin, azythromycin, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, merooenum, norepinephrine. P2: Azythromycin, tocilizumab, nor epinephrine, midazolam | P1: ARDS, P2: ARDS | P1: Died, P2: ICI |
Khalid et al 66 | P1: Aspirin, clopidogrel and diuretics P2: Methylprednisone, colchicine | P1: N/R. P2: Refractory shock | P1: Discharge, P2: Discharge |
Ng et al 67 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Jirak et al 68 | Catecholamine, extracorporeal membrane oxygen therapy, Antibiotics. | ARDS, | N/R |
Yan et al 69 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Kunal S et al 70 | Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin | N/R | 57.% Died |