Table 3.
Operative Procedure Data a
| Lead Author | Cutoff Value for Osteotomy | Mean Pre/Post FAA (Modality) | Surgical Approach | Patellar Stabilization Procedure, No. b | Combined Bony Procedures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang 40 | 30° | 34°/10° (3D CT) | Lateral | 66/0/0 | TT transfer (n = 30) |
| Biedert 2 | 27° | 38°/NR (axial CT) | Lateral | 0/9/0 | Trochleoplasty (n = 9) |
| Yang 38 | 25° | 31°/16° (axial CT) | Lateral | 0/20/0 | None |
| Frings 15 | >20° c | 39°/11° (axial CT or MRI) | Lateral, medial | 0/19/0 | TT transfer (n = 14) Valgus correction (n = 5) |
| Imhoff 19 | >25° d | 31°/12° (axial MRI) | Lateral | 28/0/16 | TT transfer (n = 6) Valgus correction (n = 22) Trochleoplasty (n = 6) |
| Nelitz 27 | 25° | 34°/NR (axial MRI) | Lateral | 12/0/0 | None |
a Osteotomy level for each study: distal femur. 3D, 3-dimensional; CT, computed tomography; FAA, femoral anteversion angle; MPFL-R, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NR, not reported; Pre/Post, pre- and postoperative; TT, tibial tubercle.
b MPFL-R/reefing/none.
c In this article, derotational femoral osteotomy was indicated when the FAA exceeded the normal value by 10°. According to Dejour et al 8 (normal value, 10.8°), the cutoff value of femoral anteversion should have been ≥20° in this article.
d The original article did not report the indication of derotational femoral anteversion. We tried to contact the corresponding author by email but failed to obtain a response. In this article, the author declared that femoral anteversion >25° was a severe risk factor for patellofemoral instability; therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that the cutoff value of femoral anteversion for derotational femoral osteotomy was at least 25°.