Table 1.
Patient demographics and baseline hemodynamic data
| Patients (N = 20) | |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 84 [79–86] |
| Female sex | 12 (60%) |
| Height, cm | 151 [143–154] |
| Weight, kg | 49 [43–59] |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5 [18.9–25.7] |
| ASA-PS 4 | 20 (100%) |
| Intervention (TAVR/SAVR) | 17 (85%) / 3 (15%) |
| AS stage | |
| C1, asymptomatic severe AS | 1 (5%) |
| D1, symptomatic severe high-gradient AS | 14 (70%) |
| D2, symptomatic severe low-flow/low-gradient AS with reduced LVEF | 1 (5%) |
| D3, symptomatic severe low-gradient AS with normal LVEF or paradoxical low-flow severe AS | 4 (20%) |
| Preoperative TTE findings | |
| Max velocity of aortic valve, m/s | 4.3 [3.9–4.8] |
| Mean pressure gradient of aortic valve, mmHg | 42.5 [36.7–51.2] |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.7 [0.58–0.83] |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 67 [60–71] |
| Comorbidities | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (10%) |
| Hypertension | 18 (90%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 11 (55%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (20%) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 6 (30%) |
| Chronic heart failure | 5 (25%) |
| Cerebral infarction | 4 (20%) |
| Asthma | 3 (15%) |
| Current smoker | 3 (15%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (15%) |
| End-stage renal disease | 1 (5%) |
| Preoperative medication | |
| Beta-blockers | 8 (40%) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 15 (75%) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 0 (0%) |
| Angiotensin receptor II blockers | 7 (35%) |
| Statins | 7 (35%) |
| Baseline mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 97 [93–101] |
| Baseline heart rate, bpm | 66 [61–77] |
Data are shown as number (percentage) and median [interquartile range]
ASA-PS American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, TAVR Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, SAVR Surgical aortic valve replacement, AS Aortic stenosis, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, TTE Transthoracic echocardiography