Table 3. The Relationship of Perceived Support of Worksite Wellness With Nurses' Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors, Mental/Physical Health, and the Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
| Perceived Support of Wellness at the Place of Employment | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not At All/A Little (n = 121), % | Somewhat (n = 122), % | Very Much (n = 19), % | Somewhat vs Not At All/A Little, Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Very Much vs Not At All/A Little, Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | P | |
| Good healthy lifestyle behavior | ||||||
| 7+ h of sleep per night | 28.9 | 38.5 | 52.6 | 1.52 (0.78-2.98) | 4.89 (1.34-17.84)b | .048 |
| 150+ min of moderate physical activity per week | 19.8 | 27.0 | 10.5 | 1.99 (0.96-4.13)c | 0.75 (0.14-4.12) | .135 |
| 5+ servings of fruits/vegetables per dayd | 5.8 | 7.4 | 26.3 | 1.33 (0.41-4.32) | 16.24 (2.86-92.06)e | .006 |
| No smokingd | 86.8 | 88.5 | 94.7 | 0.59 (0.19-1.89)c | 0.98 (0.06-15.38) | .530 |
| No/light alcohol drinking | 87.6 | 88.5 | 94.7 | 0.99 (0.40-2.45) | 2.08 (0.17-25.63)c | .839 |
| Negative impact of COVID-19 on healthy lifestyle behavior | ||||||
| Less/more sleep | 70.2 | 62.3 | 47.4 | 0.75 (0.38-1.46) | 0.21 (0.01-0.75)b | .053 |
| Less physical activities | 69.4 | 61.5 | 68.4 | 2.53 (0.51-12.46)c | 0.23 (0.02-3.33)b | .215 |
| Less healthy eating | 63.6 | 54.9 | 36.8 | 0.65 (0.30-1.21)c | 0.31 (0.19-1.07)c | .122 |
| Increased smokingd | 7.4 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 1.41 (0.46-4.29) | 0.53 (0.05-6.07)c | .688 |
| Increased alcohol use | 45.5 | 35.2 | 21.1 | 0.49 (0.26-0.93)c | 0.53 (0.14-2.04)c | .086 |
| Good health | ||||||
| Good physical health | 19.0 | 30.3 | 36.8 | 2.48 (1.20-5.11)c | 2.99 (0.84-10.59)c | .029 |
| Good mental health | 15.7 | 20.5 | 36.8 | 1.93 (0.85-4.40)c | 4.96 (1.12-21.89)b | .066 |
| No depression | 67.8 | 71.3 | 73.7 | 1.61 (0.64-2.32) | 2.23 (0.57-8.73)c | .486 |
| No anxiety | 57.9 | 67.2 | 52.6 | 1.42 (0.77-2.62) | 0.54 (0.17-1.70)c | .200 |
| No/little stress | 16.5 | 28.7 | 31.6 | 1.90 (0.91-3.95)c | 4.96 (1.25-19.64)b | .043 |
| High professional QOL | 7.4 | 20.5 | 26.3 | 4.65 (1.70-12.69)b | 9.19 (1.88-44.96)e | .003 |
| No burnout | 23.1 | 43.4 | 52.6 | 2.89 (1.46-5.71)c | 6.34 (1.84-21.88)b | .001 |
| Negative impact of COVID-19 on health | ||||||
| Worsen mental health | 84.3 | 73.8 | 78.9 | 0.35 (0.16-0.79)c | 0.38 (0.09-1.68)c | .034 |
| Worsen physical health | 61.2 | 47.5 | 42.1 | 0.45 (0.25-0.83)c | 0.32 (0.10-1.05)c | .018 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; QOL, quality of life.
aOR and 95% CI were derived from logistic regression models. Dependent variable—each behavior/health measure; primary independent variable of interest—perceived support of wellness at the place of employment; covariates—age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, degree, hours of work day/shift, and Trusted Health contract status.
bMedium effect size.
cSmall effect size.
dExact logistic regression was used because of sparse data.
eLarge effect size. Cutoffs of OR for small, medium, and large effect sizes: 1.68 (or 0.60 if OR <1), 3.47 (or 0.29 if OR <1), and 6.71 (or 0.15 if OR <1).