Table 1.
Proportion of HIV testing by sociodemographic characteristics among women and men
| Characteristics | Women | Men | ||
| Total, n (%) | Ever tested HIV (%) | Total, n (%) | Ever tested HIV (%) | |
| 12 862 | 10.8 | 4063 | 20.5 | |
| Age | ||||
| 15–19 | 2598 (20.2) | 4.0*** | 931 (22.9) | 5.3*** |
| 20–24 | 2251 (17.5) | 14.5 | 649 (16.0) | 20.1 |
| 25–29 | 2135 (16.6) | 19.1 | 525 (12.9) | 31.4 |
| 30–39 | 3378 (26.3) | 12.0 | 1079 (26.5) | 29.9 |
| 40–49 | 2500 (19.4) | 5.6 | 879 (21.6) | 19.0 |
| Mean (SD) | 29.3 (9.7) | 29.6 (10.2) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hill Brahmin/Chhetri | 3855 (30.0) | 16.0*** | 1144 (28.2) | 20.4 |
| Terai caste | 2126 (16.5) | 4.1 | 683 (16.8) | 24.8 |
| Janajatis | 4600 (35.8) | 11.1 | 1546 (38.1) | 18.4 |
| Dalit/muslim/other | 2281 (17.7) | 7.5 | 689 (17.0) | 21.1 |
| Education | ||||
| No education | 4281 (33.3) | 5.2*** | 391 (9.6) | 13.1* |
| Primary | 2150 (16.7) | 8.9 | 789 (19.4) | 18.6 |
| Secondary | 4516 (35.1) | 11.5 | 1990 (49.0) | 22.1 |
| Higher | 1915 (14.9) | 23.5 | 893 (22.0) | 22.0 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 8072 (62.8) | 12.3** | 2647 (65.2) | 20.7 |
| Rural | 4790 (37.2) | 8.2 | 1416 (34.8) | 20.2 |
| Wealth quintile | ||||
| Poorest | 2176 (16.9) | 8.2*** | 623 (15.3) | 14.1*** |
| Poorer | 2525 (19.6) | 8.3 | 706 (17.4) | 13.4 |
| Middle | 2594 (20.2) | 8.0 | 758 (18.7) | 22.0 |
| Richer | 2765 (21.5) | 10.1 | 982 (24.2) | 24.9 |
| Richest | 2801 (21.8) | 18.3 | 994 (24.5) | 24.0 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 2669 (20.7) | 2.9 | 1355 (33.4) | 9.1*** |
| Married/living together | 9875 (76.8) | 12.9 | 2675 (65.8) | 26.3 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 318 (2.5) | 9.7 | 33 (0.8) | 20.7 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Did not work | 4259 (33.1) | 10.5*** | 581 (14.3) | 12.2*** |
| Agricultural | 6011 (46.7) | 8.6 | 1144 (28.2) | 18.2 |
| Professional/clerical | 659 (5.1) | 22.4 | 547 (13.5) | 23.7 |
| Manual labour | 1933 (15.0) | 14.1 | 1786 (44.0) | 23.7 |
| Comprehensive knowledge on HIV | ||||
| No | 10 357 (80.5) | 8.6*** | 2921 (71.9) | 18.6*** |
| Yes | 2505 (19.5) | 19.5 | 1142 (28.1) | 25.3 |
| HIV discriminatory behaviour | (n=10 348) | (n=3965) | ||
| No | 6214 (60.0) | 16.2 | 2663 (67.2) | 21.4 |
| Yes | 4135 (40.0) | 9.2 | 1302 (32.8) | 20.2 |
| Any media exposure | ||||
| Not at all | 2062 (16.0) | 4.1*** | 255 (6.3) | 11.5** |
| At least once a week | 4166 (32.4) | 11.7 | 1144 (28.1) | 24.1 |
| Less than once a week | 6634 (51.6) | 12.3 | 2664 (65.6) | 19.8 |
| Recent risky sexual activity | ||||
| No | 12 846 (99.9) | 10.8 | 3709 (91.3) | 20.4 |
| Yes | 16 (0.1) | 22.4 | 354 (8.7) | 22.0 |
| Ever paid for sex | ||||
| No | 12 861 (99.9) | 10.8 | 3911 (96.3) | 19.6*** |
| Yes | 1 (0.01) | 0.0 | 152 (3.7) | 44.7 |
| Knowledge for treatment for HIV | (n=10 348) | (n=3965) | ||
| No/don’t know | 5390 (52.1) | 12.8 | 2729 (68.8) | 20.2 |
| Yes | 4959 (47.9) | 14.0 | 1236 (31.2) | 22.8 |
| Age at first sexual intercourse | (n=10 157) | (n=3083) | ||
| <15 years | 1161 (11.4) | 8.2*** | 136 (4.4) | 21.1 |
| 15–19 years | 6574 (64.7) | 11.6 | 1515 (49.1) | 24.4 |
| 20–24 years | 2052 (20.2) | 19.5 | 1022 (33.1) | 25.2 |
| 25 and above years | 370 (3.7) | 22.7 | 410 (13.3) | 28.5 |
| Mean (SD) | 14.0 (7.7) | 15.1 (9.1) | ||
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | (n=10 207) | (n=3097) | ||
| 1 | 9877 (96.8) | 12.9 | 1857 (60.0) | 22.1** |
| 2+ | 330 (3.2) | 12.0 | 1240 (40.0) | 29.4 |
| Mean (SD) | 1.04 (0.46) | 2.36 (4.83) | ||
***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05 (χ2 test).