Appendix Exhibit A15.
Unadjusted informal and formal ADL help received by adults with dementia, stratified by adult child availability (Sample: adults 55+ with dementia and at least one ADL limitation; 3,390 persons and 5,686 person-year observations)
| Average total hours of help |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of those received care from the given helper type |
including zero hour as well as positive hours |
including positive hours only |
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| By child availability | ADL care received from: | N. of obs | % | 95% CI | N | Mean | 95% CI | N | Mean | 95% CI |
|
| ||||||||||
| No adult bio child | Any helper | 625 | 76.6 | (72.4,80.9) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 629 | 31.0 | (25.5,36.4) | 629 | 69.2 | (51.4,87.0) | 212 | 223.4 | (204.6,242.2) | |
| - Spouse | 639 | 7.1 | (4.1,10.0) | 639 | 15.5 | (6.6,24.5) | 51 | 220.0 | (193.0,247.0) | |
| - Adult child | 642 | |||||||||
| Formal helper | 637 | 58.3 | (53.6,63.0) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 641 | 47.2 | (41.1,53.3) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Have at least one adult bio child | Any helper | 4,846 | 81.0 | (79.6,82.3) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 4,867 | 52.6 | (50.9,54.3) | 4,867 | 127.0 | (120.3,133.7) | 2,520 | 241.4 | (231.3,251.5) | |
| - Spouse | 4,988 | 19.0 | (17.4,20.7) | 4,988 | 46.8 | (41.4,52.1) | 880 | 245.6 | (231.5,259.7) | |
| - Adult child | 4,965 | 29.9 | (28.2,31.6) | 4,965 | 46.8 | (42.9,50.7) | 1,503 | 156.7 | (146.6,166.8) | |
| Formal helper | 5,020 | 42.6 | (40.4,44.9) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 5,042 | 32.2 | (30.1,34.3) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| 1 adult bio child | Any helper | 764 | 80.2 | (75.2,85.2) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 769 | 46.8 | (42.4,51.2) | 769 | 106.1 | (87.8,124.4) | 343 | 226.8 | (198.5,255.0) | |
| - Spouse | 784 | 14.1 | (10.6,17.6) | 784 | 32.5 | (23.6,41.4) | 95 | 230.2 | (190.4,270.1) | |
| - Adult child | 784 | 21.0 | (17.1,24.9) | 784 | 29.0 | (21.1,36.9) | 164 | 138.1 | (113.6,162.6) | |
| Formal helper | 785 | 46.3 | (40.7,51.9) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 789 | 38.1 | (33.7,42.4) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| 2 adult bio children | Any helper | 1,292 | 81.0 | (78.4,83.6) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 1,296 | 50.9 | (47.7,54.1) | 1,296 | 114.3 | (100.8,127.8) | 635 | 224.7 | (205.1,244.3) | |
| - Spouse | 1,327 | 19.7 | (16.7,22.7) | 1,327 | 50.0 | (39.4,60.6) | 232 | 253.6 | (221.3,285.9) | |
| - Adult child | 1,329 | 26.8 | (23.6,30.0) | 1,329 | 35.4 | (29.6,41.2) | 357 | 131.9 | (118.3,145.6) | |
| Formal helper | 1,339 | 43.6 | (40.5,46.8) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 1,344 | 35.7 | (32.5,39.0) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| 3+ adult bio children | Any helper | 2,790 | 81.1 | (79.4,82.9) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 2,802 | 55.1 | (52.7,57.4) | 2,802 | 139.0 | (128.6,149.4) | 1,542 | 252.4 | (237.6,267.2) | |
| - Spouse | 2,877 | 20.1 | (18.0,22.2) | 2,877 | 49.1 | (42.2,56.0) | 553 | 244.7 | (225.3,264.2) | |
| - Adult child | 2,852 | 33.9 | (31.5,36.2) | 2,852 | 57.4 | (51.6,63.3) | 982 | 169.5 | (156.1,182.9) | |
| Formal helper | 2,896 | 41.1 | (38.1,44.2) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 2,909 | 28.9 | (26.1,31.8) | |||||||
|
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| No adult bio daughter | Any helper | 853 | 81.1 | (78.3,83.9) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 855 | 48.7 | (44.0,53.4) | 855 | 109.3 | (93.0,125.6) | 382 | 224.5 | (201.4,247.7) | |
| - Spouse | 876 | 19.6 | (14.6,24.6) | 876 | 43.4 | (30.6,56.3) | 147 | 222.1 | (206.1,238.1) | |
| - Adult child | 877 | 17.8 | (13.7,21.8) | 877 | 24.1 | (14.2,34.0) | 148 | 135.9 | (100.0,171.7) | |
| Formal helper | 883 | 43.8 | (39.7,47.8) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 885 | 34.5 | (30.3,38.6) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Have at least one adult bio daughter | Any helper | 3,993 | 80.9 | (79.3,82.6) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 4,012 | 53.4 | (51.3,55.5) | 4,012 | 130.6 | (121.9,139.4) | 2,138 | 244.6 | (232.2,257.0) | |
| - Spouse | 4,112 | 18.9 | (17.2,20.7) | 4,112 | 47.5 | (41.6,53.4) | 733 | 250.7 | (234.0,267.3) | |
| - Adult child | 4,088 | 32.4 | (30.6,34.3) | 4,088 | 51.6 | (46.9,56.3) | 1,355 | 159.1 | (148.4,169.7) | |
| Formal helper | 4,137 | 42.4 | (39.7,45.1) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 4,157 | 31.8 | (29.3,34.3) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| No non-full-time-working adult child | Any helper | 1,464 | 79.3 | (76.2,82.4) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 1,472 | 50.1 | (47.1,53.1) | 1,472 | 110.3 | (99.0,121.7) | 729 | 220.2 | (203.7,236.6) | |
| - Spouse | 1,500 | 24.0 | (21.0,26.9) | 1,500 | 54.6 | (47.5,61.7) | 349 | 228.0 | (207.1,248.8) | |
| - Adult child | 1,506 | 21.8 | (18.8,24.8) | 1,506 | 23.5 | (19.0,28.0) | 333 | 107.9 | (91.5,124.3) | |
| Formal helper | 1,514 | 43.6 | (40.1,47.1) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 1,522 | 33.9 | (31.0,36.7) | |||||||
|
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| Have at least one non-full-time-working adult child | Any helper | 3,382 | 81.7 | (79.8,83.7) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 3,395 | 53.7 | (51.2,56.3) | 3,395 | 134.6 | (125.5,143.7) | 1,791 | 250.5 | (237.1,263.9) | |
| - Spouse | 3,488 | 16.8 | (14.8,18.8) | 3,488 | 43.2 | (36.4,50.0) | 531 | 257.1 | (237.1,277.1) | |
| - Adult child | 3,459 | 33.6 | (31.3,35.9) | 3,459 | 57.6 | (52.4,62.9) | 1,170 | 171.3 | (160.4,182.1) | |
| Formal helper | 3,506 | 42.2 | (39.5,44.9) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 3,520 | 31.5 | (28.9,34.1) | |||||||
|
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| No adult child living within 10 miles | Any helper | 1,222 | 79.1 | (75.6,82.6) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 1,232 | 43.2 | (40.1,46.3) | 1,232 | 87.3 | (76.0,98.5) | 504 | 202.1 | (183.8,220.4) | |
| - Spouse | 1,240 | 22.9 | (20.1,25.6) | 1,240 | 53.1 | (44.3,61.8) | 264 | 232.2 | (212.4,252.0) | |
| - Adult child | 1,245 | 10.8 | (8.6,13.0) | 1,245 | 7.0 | (4.8,9.1) | 131 | 64.3 | (48.9,79.7) | |
| Formal helper | 1,238 | 49.5 | (44.7,54.2) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 1,248 | 41.9 | (37.2,46.6) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| No adult child coresident but at least one within 10 miles | Any helper | 2,253 | 81.5 | (79.6,83.4) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 2,262 | 47.9 | (45.3,50.6) | 2,262 | 103.6 | (91.8,115.5) | 1,064 | 216.3 | (194.8,237.7) | |
| - Spouse | 2,306 | 19.3 | (16.8,21.8) | 2,306 | 48.4 | (40.4,56.5) | 418 | 251.2 | (227.6,274.8) | |
| - Adult child | 2,312 | 25.7 | (23.5,28.0) | 2,312 | 26.1 | (22.0,30.3) | 582 | 101.6 | (87.5,115.7) | |
| Formal helper | 2,327 | 48.9 | (46.0,51.9) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 2,336 | 39.1 | (36.3,41.8) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| At least one adult child coresident | Any helper | 1,371 | 81.7 | (78.8,84.6) | ||||||
| Informal helper | 1,373 | 70.7 | (67.3,74.0) | 1,373 | 210.0 | (194.8,225.1) | 952 | 297.0 | (279.8,314.2) | |
| - Spouse | 1,442 | 15.0 | (12.1,17.9) | 1,442 | 37.8 | (29.4,46.2) | 198 | 252.0 | (228.6,275.3) | |
| - Adult child | 1,408 | 56.3 | (53.0,59.7) | 1,408 | 124.5 | (112.6,136.4) | 790 | 221.0 | (204.1,237.9) | |
| Formal helper | 1,455 | 24.7 | (21.7,27.7) | |||||||
| - Nursing home employee | 1,458 | 10.7 | (8.8,12.6) | |||||||
Source. Author’s analysis of data from the 2002–2014 Health and Retirement Study. Note. Hours from ADL helpers may include IADL help if the ADL helper provide IADL help as well. Hours of help from nursing home employee were not available; accordingly, numbers related to the hours of help from a formal helper were not estimated.