Table 1.

Comparison of the viral host receptor and its distribution in humans

Human disease	Corona virus	Viral host receptor	Receptor distribution in the body
Mild respiratory infections	HCoV-NL63	ACE2	Epithelial lining in nose, mouth and lungs Also in heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver and GI tract
Mild respiratory infections	HCoV-229E	ANPEP	Small intestine, renal microvillar membrane and other plasma membranes
Mild respiratory infections	HCoV-OC43	9-O-Ac-Sia	Unknown
Mild respiratory infections	HCoV-HKU1	9-O-Ac-Sia	Unknown
Mild respiratory infections or SARS	SARS-CoV	ACE2	Epithelial lining in nose, mouth and lungs Also in heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver and GI tract
Mild or severe MERS	MERS-CoV	DPP4	Epithelial lining of lungs and kidneys
Mild or severe COVID-19	SARS-CoV-2	ACE2	Epithelial lining in nose, mouth and lungs Also in heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver and GI tract