FIGURE 6.

Glucocorticoid receptor in the intestine, but not that in the liver, determines alcohol‐ and corticosterone‐induced liver damage. Adult GR^ΔHC and GR^ΔIEC mice were fed a liquid diet with (EF) or without (PF) ethanol for 4 weeks. In some groups, animals were injected with corticosterone (Cort) daily; the other groups received the vehicle. (A and B) Plasma was analyzed for ALT (A) and AST (B) activities. (C) Liver histopathology was performed by H&E staining and bright field microscopy. (D) Steatosis was assessed by measuring liver triglyceride content. (E–G) Inflammatory responses in the liver were determined by measuring specific mRNA for TNFα (E), IL‐1β (F), and IL‐6 (G). Values in graphs are mean ± SEM (n = 6); *p < .05, **p < .01, ****p < .005, and ****p < .001 for significant difference between the indicated groups; ns, not significant