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Mutagenesis mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 and gRNA of EgPDS in in vitro transgenic oil palm. (A) Confirmation of genetic transformation by β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay in immature embryos transformed with Cas9/gPDS4 and Cas9/gPDS5. (B) Phenotypes of the Cas9/gPDS4 or gPDS5-mediated mutagenesis and control transgenic in vitro oil palms. Arrow indicating shoots with albino phenotypes. (C) Mutation frequencies of CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in in vitro transgenic oil palms.
