TABLE 1.

The efficiency of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and guide RNA (gRNA) transformation targeting phytoene desaturase (EgPDS) gene in oil palm and the phenotypes of the transgenic plants.

Gene	Guide RNA	Bombarded immature embryo	Putative transformant	Regenerated T0 shoots	T0 with mutation/genotyped T0 plants	Mutation rate	Transformants with altered phenotype
Control	Cas9	200	22 (11%)	17 (77%)	0/5	0	0
	gPDS4	200	39 (19.5%)	29 (74%)	0/5	0	0
	gPDS5	200	15 (7.5%)	10 (67%)	0/5	0	0
EgPDS	Cas9/gPDS4	200	14 (7%)	9 (64%)	5/6	83.33%	8 chimeric albino (89%)
	Cas9/gPDS5	200	13 (6.5%)	10 (77%)	5/8	62.50%	7 chimeric albino (70%)
	Cas9/gPDS4 + gPDS5	200	18 (9%)	8 (44%)	3/7	42.86%	3 chimeric albino (37.5%)