Table 1.

Types and examples of stigma

Type of stigma	Definition	Migraine specific examples
Structural	Prejudice and discrimination by policies, laws, and constitutional practice	No “blue book” listing for SSDI Worst ratio of NIH funding to disease impact of all tracked diseases
Public = enacted	Stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination	“It’s just a headache” “I get migraine, and I can do that”
Self-stigma = internalized	Shame, low self-esteem, lack of engagement in treatment	Not seeking a diagnosis, or treatment Negative self-talk
Courtesy	Extension of prejudice and discrimination to people who are close to the person who is stigmatized	Lower social status of headache medicine specialists as compared to colleagues in other medical fields