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. 2021 Nov 22;11:757718. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.757718

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Roseburia intestinalis modulation in the colonic tract. The butyrate produced by R. intestinalis exerts an extensive effect on energy metabolism, gut barrier, and anti-inflammation. R. intestinalis stimulates enteric cells, thereby excreting cytokines, promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and activating type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3). It also suppresses Th17 and macrophages. Its flagellin displays an anti-inflammation effect through TLR5. The biological effect induced by R. intestinalis exhibits a significant probiotic-like role. R. intestinalis also influences the energy metabolism and the gut–brain axis. A plus sign indicates promote and a minus sign indicates inhibit. GPCRs, G-protein coupled receptors; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; PYY, peptide YY; OSM, oncostatin M; hREG3α, human regenerating family member 3 alpha; TLR5, Toll-like receptor 5; IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1; HIF1A-AS2, lncRNA (HIF1A-AS2).