Table 1.

Comparison of factors critical to travel destination recommendation (or selection) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

	Before COVID-19 outbreak	During COVID-19 pandemic
Factors	$•$ Travelers’ attitude $•$ Traveler’s subjective norm $•$ Traveler’s perceived behavioral control $•$ Traveler’s past behavior $•$ Traveler’s perception of a country’s products $•$ The number of countries visited $•$ The number of countries visited for pleasure $•$ Stay length $•$ The number of people in the tour group $•$ Travel mode $•$ Availability of public transportation systems $•$ Expected satisfaction $•$ Expected service quality $•$ Expected value $•$ Likelihood to return $•$ Natural disaster risk $•$ Physical risk $•$ Political risk $•$ Performance risk	$•$ The number of confirmed cases in the region $•$ Population density $•$ The amount of government subsidy $•$ The number of outdoor attractions $•$ Travelers’ attitude $•$ Traveler’s subjective norm $•$ Traveler’s perceived behavioral control $•$ Traveler’s past behavior $•$ Traveler’s perception of a region’s products $•$ Stay length $•$ The number of people in the tour group $•$ Travel mode $•$ Expected satisfaction $•$ Expected service quality $•$ Expected value $•$ Likelihood to return $•$ Natural disaster risk $•$ Physical risk $•$ Performance risk