Table 5. Bleeding events beyond 45 days post-operation to the end of follow-up.

	Transcatheter LAA closure (n = 67)			Thoracoscopic LAA occlusion(n = 136)		HR (thoracoscopic group/transcatheter group)	95% CI	P
	Events/ patient-years	Observed rate: events per 100 patient-years (95% CI)		Events/ patient-years	Observed rate: events per 100 patient-years (95% CI)
HR: hazard ratio; LAA: left atria appendage.
Total hemorrhage events	4/124.0	3.2 (1.2−8.6)		2/258.8	0.8 (0.2−3.1)	0.246	0.074−0.819	0.022
Digestive tract hemorrhage	2/127.9	1.6 (0.4−6.3)		1/259.9	0.4 (0.1−2.7)	0.252	0.046−1.374	0.111
Hematuria	0/130.0	0		0/262.1	0	−	−	−
Intracranial hemorrhage	1/127.2	0.8 (0.1−5.5)		0/262.1	0	−	−	−
Nasal bleeding	1/132.5	0.8 (0.1−5.6)		1/261.0	0.4 (0.1−2.7)	0.5	0.031−78.003	0.625