Table 1.

Pre-COVID MACRO risk stratification.

Medical Criteria	Functional Criteria	Psychosocial Criteria
CVD based on medical record	Risk based on baseline assessments	Risk based on baseline assessments
High Risk •LVEF<40% •s/p cardiac arrest or sudden death •Complex ventricular dysrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, frequent [> 6/min] multiform PVCs) •s/p MI without revascularization •s/p MI or cardiac surgery complicated by cardiogenic shock •Heart Transplant, left ventricular assist device •Signs/symptoms including angina pectoris, dizziness, lightheadedness or dyspnea •Moderate to high valvular heart disease •Severe pulmonary hypertension (PAP ≥50 mmHg) •Five or more comorbidities that confound CVD management •Presence of ≥4 FRIDs⁎	High Risk •SPPB ≤4 •Gait speed <0.8 m/s •Grip strength <10 kg •Functional capacity <3 METs† •Significant falling history	High Risk •Readiness to change: Precontemplation •Mood: PHQ >10 or response >0 for question 9 •Cognition: Short Blessed 10+ •Literacy: REALM <4
Moderate Risk •LVEF = 40–49% •MI with PCI - Incomplete revascularization •MI with CABG - Incomplete revascularization •Elective PCI/Stent/PTCA – Incomplete revascularization •Elective CABG – Incomplete revascularization •Presence of 2-3 FRIDs⁎	Moderate Risk •SPPB 5–7 •Gait speed 0.8–1.0 m/s •Grip strength 10–14.5 kg •Approximate functional capacity level 3–5 METs†	Moderate Risk •Readiness to change: Contemplation •Mood: PHQ-9 6–10 •Cognition: Short Blessed 5–9 •Literacy: REALM 4–6
Low Risk •LVEF≥50% •No evidence of arrhythmia •MI with PCI - Complete revascularization •MI with CABG - Complete revascularization •Elective PCI/Stent/PTCA – Complete revascularization •Elective CABG – Complete revascularization •Absence of symptoms or signs of HF or ischemia •Normal hemodynamics and ECG •Presence of ≤1 FRIDs⁎	Low Risk •SPPB ≥8 •Gait speed >1.0 m/s •Grip strength >14.5 kg •Approximate function level > 5 METS†	Low Risk •Readiness to change: Preparation, Action, and Maintenance •Mood: PHQ-9 < 6 •Cognition: Short blessed 0–4 •Literacy: REALM ≥7

LVEF-Left ventricular ejection fraction; MI-myocardial infaction; PCI-percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG-coronary artery bypass grafting surgery; PTCA-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; ECG-electrocardiogram; FRIDs-Fall risk-increasing drugs; SPPB-Short Physical Performance Battery; METs-metabolic equivalents; PHQ-Patient Health Questionnaire; REALM-Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine.

^⁎FRIDs: Fall risk-increasing drugs (includes: opioids, antipsychotics [lithium excluded], anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, vasodilators used in cardiac disease, antihypertensives, and dopaminergic agents).

^†Estimate of METs is based on the Duke Activity Status Index.