Fig. 1.
G-PNR EEVDs. A) Optical image of a pristine graphene EEVD after confection; B) Raman spectrum for pristine graphene EEVD (graphene on Si/SiO2); C) Cyclic voltammograms of PNR electropolymerization under Ar atmosphere in a graphene large area (∼0.1 cm2) 2D electrode in PBS (0.01 mol L-1, pH 7.4), KNO3 (0.5 mol L-1), and neutral red monomer (2.0 mmol L-1), from – 1.0 V to +1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgClsat) for 2 scans and from – 1.0 V to +0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgClsat) for 15 scans; ν = 50 mV s-1; D) Cyclic voltammograms of graphene interface in bare PBS (0.01 mol L-1, pH 7.4) before PNR functionalization (black) and after PNR functionalization (red), leading to G-PNR interface; E) Schematic representation of hybrid EE experiments with graphene-based EEVDs; F) Pristine graphene (black) and G-PNR (red) EE Idsvs. Vds curves in PBS (0.01 mol L-1, pH 7.4). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)