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. 2021 Apr 14;31(4):1141–1148. doi: 10.1007/s00062-021-01013-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Illustration of the experimental setup of the custom-made AVM model and CT phantom. Each of the filled AVM models was inserted into the illustrated custom-made CT phantom for conventional CT and cone-beam CT image acquisition. Therefore, the container was filled with saline and contrast medium with an average density similar to brain tissue. The plastic fixture inside the imaging phantom allowed us to hang the AVM models for an optimal measurement of the surrounding imaging artifacts. The illustrated image shows an AVM model filled with Onyx 18