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. 2021 Dec 7;30(1):83–96.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.005

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© 2021 The Author(s)

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Prior immunization with hCCCoV spike proteins limits the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 RBD

(A–C) C57BL/6 mice were immunized with spike proteins in CFA, interperitoneally. Four weeks later, all mice were immunized with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Control mice (none) only received CFA at both time points. Serum taken 2 weeks after the second immunization was analyzed by ELISA for reactivity to (A) SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or (B) SARS-CoV-2 RBD. (C) Serum was tested in a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate neutralization assay. p values calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01).