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. 2021 Dec 6;12:6983. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27186-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Non-native species originating (outbound arrow) or received (inbound arrows) between each continent. Line thickness is proportional to the number of species exchanged. b Phylogenetic diversity of non-native species originating (outbound arrow) or received (inbound arrows) between each continent. Line thickness is proportional to the sum of branch lengths exchanged. c Net donors and recipients of phylogenetic diversity after correcting for species richness, calculated as the difference in total phylogenetic diversity between the Holocene flora and the Anthropocene flora across continents divided by the number of species exchanged. Arrows indicate the direction of flows from donor to recipient continent, with line thickness proportional to the sum of shared branch lengths weighted by the inverse of species richness. The numbers within parenthesis and circle size represents the number of non-native species or phylogenetic branch lengths in each region. All phylogenetic analyses were run across 100 trees and the median reported. The maps are in Behrmann equal-area projection. A breakdown of nodes and edges exchanged is presented in Supplementary Tables 2 and 3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.