Table 2.
Summary of patients described in the case reports/case series
| Parameter | Single‐agent ICI therapy (n = 47) | Dual‐agent ICI therapy (n = 13) | Overall (n = 60) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (range) | 72 (30–89) | 65 (35–78) | 71 (33–89) |
| Male | 34 | 6 | 40 |
| Female | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| Indication for ICI | |||
| Melanoma | 14 | 9 | 23 |
| Lung | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| Bladder | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| Other | 17 a | 1 b | 18 c |
| Prior autoimmune disease | |||
| Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| No | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| Unknown | 38 | 11 | 49 |
| Concomitant myasthenia gravis | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| Median number of doses to development of symptoms | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Average creatine kinase (IU/L) | 7,662.3 | 11,628.3 | 9,645.3 |
| Arrhythmias | |||
| Yes | 31 | 9 | 40 |
| No | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Unknown | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| Depressed ejection fraction | |||
| Yes | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| Treatment strategies | |||
| Steroids | 47 | 13 | 60 |
| Infliximab | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| Tacrolimus | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Mycophenolate | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| Plasmapheresis | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| ATG | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| IVIG | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| Rituximab | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| In‐hospital outcomes | |||
| Alive | 21 | 2 | 23 |
| Died | 25 | 10 | 35 |
| Unknown | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Single‐agent ICI therapy refers to single agent anti‐programed cell death 1 (ligand 1) therapy such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Dual‐agent ICI therapy refers to ipilimumab + nivolumab or durvalumab + tremelimumab.
Cutaneous SCC 1, gastric 1, Hodgkin's lymphoma 1, mesothelioma 1, multiple myeloma 1, prostate 1, renal 4, thymoma 4, thymic carcinoma 1, chondroma 1, chordoma 1.
Breast 1.
Cutaneous SCC 1, gastric 1, Hodgkin's lymphoma 1, mesothelioma 1, multiple myeloma 1, prostate 1, renal 4, thymoma 4, thymic carcinoma 1, chondroma 1, chordoma 1, breast 1.
Abbreviations: ATG, antithymocyte globulin; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitors; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; SCC, squamous cell cancer.