TABLE 2.
Summary of Studies on Management of Acute Injuries to the Proximal Hamstring a
| Additional Outcomes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead Author (Year) | Risk of Bias b | Injury Type | Intervention | N | Mean ± SD Time to RTP, d | Reinjury Rate, % | Mean Follow-up, mo | Hamstring Strength | Hamstring ROM | H:Q Ratio | Functional Assessment |
| Arner (2019) 4 | 9 (16) | Partial proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 64 | 333 (range, 150-1440) | — | 78 | X | |||
| Ayuob (2020) 11 | 12 (16) | Complete proximal semimembranosus rupture | Surgical | 20 | 83.3 ± 39.9 | 0.0 | 35 | X | X | X | |
| Ayuob (2020) 12 | 12 (16) | Partial/complete tear of proximal MTJ of long head of biceps | Surgical | 64 | 93.8 ± 35.7 | — | 24 | X | X | X | |
| Barnett (2015) 13 | 10 (16) | Partial/complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 38 | — | — | 54 | X | |||
| Best (2019) 15 | 9 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 49 | — | — | 28 | X | |||
| Biedert (2015) 17 | 9 (16) | Avulsion fracture of ischial tuberosity | Surgical | 3 | — | — | 24 | X | |||
| Birmingham (2011) 18 | 11 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 23 | 294 (range, 90-1080) | — | 43 | X | X | ||
| Blakeney (2017) 19 | 15 (16) | Partial/complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 96 | — | — | 34 | X | |||
| Bowman (2013) 20 | 10 (16) | Partial proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 17 | — | — | 32 | X | |||
| Chahal (2012) 23 | 9 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 13 | — | — | 24 | X | X | ||
| Hofmann (2014) 42 | 9 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Nonoperative | 17 | — | — | 31 | X | X | ||
| Klingele (2002) 47 | 10 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 11 | 180 (range, 90-300) | — | 34 | X | |||
| Konan (2010) 48 | 12 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 10 | 175 (range, 126-455) | — | 12 | X | X | ||
| Lefevre (2013) 51 | 18 (24) | Partial/complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 34 | 171 ± 48 | — | 27 | X | X | X | |
| Léger-St-Jean (2019) 52 | 12 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 22 | 120 (IQR, 60-240) | — | 6 | X | |||
| Lempainen (2006) 54 | 10 (16) | Partial proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 48 | 150 (range, 30-360) | — | 36 | ||||
| Piposar (2017) 62 | 18 (24) | Partial/complete proximal hamstring avulsion | (1) Surgical (2) Nonoperative |
15 10 |
— | — | 30 35 |
X | X | ||
| Sandmann (2016) 68 | 11 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 16 | 180 (range, 120-270) | — | 56 | X | X | X | |
| Shambaugh (2017) 72 | 17 (24) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | (1) Surgical (2) Nonoperative |
14 11 |
— | — | 43 30 |
X | X | ||
| Skaara (2013) 77 | 9 (16) | Partial proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 31 | — | — | 30 | X | X | X | |
| Subbu (2014) 81 | 12 (16) | Complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 78 | 112 (range, 84-224) | 0.0 | 24 | ||||
| Willinger (2020) 87 | 11 (16) | Partial/complete proximal hamstring avulsion | Surgical | 71 | — | — | 56 | X | |||
a Dashes indicate data not reported. H:Q, hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio; IQR, interquartile range; MTJ, myotendinous junction; ROM, range of motion; RTP, return to play; X, outcome(s) reported.
b Reported as Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies score (maximum score).