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. 2021 Sep 29;10(19):e021985. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.021985

Figure 4. Enhanced heart failure development and increased mortality in PKARIα knock‐in (KI) mice.

Figure 4

Kaplan‐Meier analysis as depicted in (A) revealed that the survival of KI mice after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (KI TAC) was dramatically reduced compared with wild‐type (WT) mice (WT TAC) *Indicates significance vs WT TAC). Original M‐mode traces (B) at baseline (BL), 1 week, and 6 weeks after TAC in WT (upper panel) and KI mice (lower panel). KI mice developed aggravated heart failure indicated by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (C) in the face of comparable left ventricular hypertrophy (indicated by anterior wall thickness) (D) and initially compensated left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) (E). Heart frequency (F) was comparable between groups. Data are normally distributed (Shapiro‐Wilk test). *Indicates significance vs baseline. #Indicates significance vs WT. $Indicates significance vs previous phase using 2‐way (TW) ANOVA mixed‐effects model with Holm‐Sidak post‐test. n.s. indicates not significant.