Table 1.

Echocardiographic Parameters

	WT basal	KI basal	WT sham, 1 wk	WT TAC, 1 wk	KI sham, 1 wk	KI TAC, 1 wk	WT sham, 6 wk	WT TAC, 6 wk	KI sham, 6 wk	KI TAC, 6 wk	P value for interaction
No. of mice	92	85	9	38	8	38	4	18	4	14
HR, bpm	431±3	430±8	458±13	429±7	441±11	441±6	456±20	460±12	450±13	462±10	0.7776
FS, %	24.5±0.5	24.5±0.5	23.9±2.2	18.1±0.9	23.2±1.8	14.3±0.9	22.1±1.8	13.3±1.2	24.7±2.6	7.2±1.0	0.0014*
EF, %	48.3±0.7	48.8±0.7	47.6±4.0	38.0±1.5	46.4±3.2	31.4±1.6	47.2±4.0	29.7±2.2	50.1±3.8	20.6±1.6	0.0004*
SV, µL	39.9±0.6	39.2±0.7	34.9±2.9	30.7±1.2	37.5±2.2	26.2±1.4	42.2±2.5	31.6±1.7	38.0±2.7	26.8±1.7	0.0487*
CO, mL/min	17.1±0.3	17.0±0.4	15.9±1.2	13.1±0.6	16.5±1.0	11.6±0.7	19.3±1.7	14.5±0.9	17.1±1.4	13.0±0.8	0.1922
LVEDD, mm	4.25±0.03	4.19±0.04	4.09±0.06	4.19±0.06	4.23±0.07	4.23±0.06	4.40±0.11	4.76±0.11	4.19±0.10	4.93±0.11	0.4503
LVESD, mm	3.32±0.04	3.32±0.04	3.20±0.11	3.46±0.08	3.37±0.12	3.72±0.08	3.44±0.17	4.16±0.14	3.19±0.15	4.61±0.13	0.0183*
LVEDV, µL	82.9±1.5	81.0±1.4	74.1±2.4	83.1±3.7	81.6±3.2	86.6±4.6	87.5±5.4	112.2±6.6	76.2±4.1	134.3±8.2	0.0036*
LVESV, µL	43.2±1.3	41.7±1.1	39.1±3.8	52.4±3.2	44.1±4.0	60.4±3.9	43.4±4.7	80.6±6.7	38.2±4.1	107.5±7.9	0.0002*
AWThd, µm	0.79±0.02	0.80±0.02	0.79±0.03	1.02±0.04	0.80±0.04	1.00±0.03	0.73±0.03	0.92±0.03	0.77±0.08	0.93±0.03	0.8939
PWThd, µm	0.70±0.01	0.68±0.01	0.74±0.05	0.90±0.04	0.73±0.05	0.91±0.04	0.65±0.02	0.82±0.04	0.69±0.10	0.78±0.04	0.7879

AWThd indicates anterior wall thickness, diastolic; CO, cardiac output; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; HR, heart rate; KI, knock‐in; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVESV, left ventricular end systolic volume; PWThd, posterior wall thickness, diastolic; SV, stroke volume; TAC, transverse aortic constriction; and WT, wild‐type.

^* P<0.05 in mixed‐effects model type III test WT vs. KI (without sham groups).