Table 3.
Differences based on allocation systems
| Variables | Black | P Value | Hispanic | P Value | White | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pre‐allocation system changes (n=841) (Apr 1, 2017–Oct 12, 2018) |
Post‐allocation system changes (n=1010) (Oct 12, 2018‒Jun 12, 2020) |
Pre‐allocation system changes (n=340) (Apr 1, 2017–Oct 12, 2018) |
Post‐allocation system changes (n=422) (Oct 12, 2018–Jun 12, 2020) |
Pre‐allocation system changes (n=2458) (Apr 1, 2017–Oct 12, 2018) |
Post‐allocation system changes (n=2503) (Oct 12, 2018–Jun 12, 2020) |
||||
| Age, y | 55.0 [44.0–62.0] | 54.0 [43.0–61.0] | 0.171 | 54.0 [42.0–62.0] | 52.0 [41.8–61.0] | 0.477 | 58.0 [49.0–65.0] | 58.0 [47.0–64.0] | 0.008 |
| Women | 33.9 | 33.7 | 0.919 | 26.6 | 27.5 | 0.506 | |||
| BMI | 27.9 [24.3–31.7] | 27.8 [24.2–32.0] | 0.907 | 26.7 [23.2–29.8] | 26.3 [23.3–30.1] | 0.964 | 27.2 [23.9–31.0] | 27.4 [24.0–31.4] | 0.126 |
| Primary payer | 0.014 | 0.374 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Private | 40.4 | 41.7 | 38.5 | 42.7 | 53.2 | 53.1 | |||
| Public | 59.3 | 56.6 | 60.9 | 56.6 | 46.0 | 44.2 | |||
| Work for income (at listing) | 17.4 | 21.4 | <0.001 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 0.150 | 8.8 | 15.9 | 0.004 |
| Education level | 0.374 | 0.443 | 0.866 | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 18.8 | 18.5 | |||
| High school | 35.2 | 33.3 | 44.1 | 44.5 | 44.4 | 42.9 | |||
| Post‐high school | 63.4 | 65.0 | 53.2 | 53.7 | 36.7 | 38.7 | |||
| HLA‐matched (≥3 antigens) | 15.2 | 16.7 | 0.220 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 0.572 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 0.843 |
| Cardiac diagnosis | |||||||||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 69.8 | 71.5 | 0.427 | 51.8 | 55.9 | 0.252 | 46.2 | 45.9 | 0.848 |
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 6.3 | 6.5 | 0.839 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 0.490 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 0.317 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 16.1 | 13.5 | 0.117 | 29.7 | 23.9 | 0.073 | 35.2 | 32.7 | 0.071 |
| Congenital cardiomyopathy | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.037 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 0.643 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 0.047 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.288 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.988 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 0.854 |
| Valvular | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.543 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.325 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.333 |
| Cardiac support at time of listing | |||||||||
| Ventilator | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.583 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 0.277 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 0.036 |
| Inotropes | 41.6 | 40.6 | 0.656 | 36.8 | 42.4 | 0.113 | 35.2 | 33.1 | 0.117 |
| LVAD | 29.8 | 24.3 | 0.007 | 21.8 | 19.0 | 0.337 | 28.3 | 21.2 | <0.001 |
| RVAD±LVAD or MCS unspecified | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.037 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.488 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 0.041 |
| TAH | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.771 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.204 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.489 |
| ECMO | 1.1 | 3.3 | 0.002 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.680 | 2.6 | 4.6 | <0.001 |
| IABP | 6.7 | 18.2 | <0.001 | 5.0 | 16.1 | <0.001 | 5.5 | 16.3 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 31.3 | 32.0 | 0.744 | 36.2 | 29.6 | 0.055 | 27.8 | 25.6 | 0.083 |
| Tobacco user | 40.9 | 36.5 | 0.054 | 36.5 | 36.8 | 0.921 | 47.2 | 43.1 | 0.004 |
| Malignancy | 7.3 | 8.4 | 0.353 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 0.176 | 10.0 | 11.3 | 0.117 |
| Prior stroke | 8.5 | 8.2 | 0.817 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 0.936 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 0.636 |
| ESRD | 5.6 | 6.0 | 0.680 | 5.6 | 3.6 | 0.176 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 0.717 |
| AICD | 77.6 | 72.2 | 0.008 | 72.5 | 64.3 | 0.016 | 72.9 | 68.4 | 0.001 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 31.2 | 31.3 | 0.946 | 32.1 | 25.1 | 0.032 | 41.8 | 41.4 | 0.769 |
| Outcomes | |||||||||
| Waitlist time (IQR) | 51.0 [19.0–140.0] | 23.0 [8.0–70.0] | <0.001 | 48.0 [15.0–120.0] | 21.0 [8.0–68.0] | <0.001 | 48.0 [17.0–118.0] | 21.0 [7.0–73.0] | <0.001 |
| Transplant outcomes | |||||||||
| Ischemic time (IQR) | 3.0 [2.3–3.7] | 3.4 [2.9–4.0] | <0.001 | 3.1 [2.2–3.8] | 3.4 [2.7–4.0] | 0.001 | 3.0 [2.3–3.7] | 3.4 [2.8–4.0] | <0.001 |
| Distance traveled (IQR) | 84.0 [12.0–257.8] | 247.5 [94.8–402.5] | <0.001 | 67.0 [15.0–260.0] | 184.0 [50.0–381.0] | <0.001 | 84.0 [13.0–253.0] | 231.0 [87.0–412.0] | <0.001 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous measures, and n (%) for categorical variables.
AICD indicates automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator; BMI, body mass index; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ESRD, end‐stage renal disease; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; IQR, interquartile range; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; and TAH, total artificial heart.